Chemical burns

Arise from the action on the body of concentrated acids (hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, acetic, carbolic) and alkalis (caustic potassium and sodium hydroxide, ammonia, quicklime), phosphorus and some heavy metal salts (silver nitrate, zinc chloride, etc.) .
The severity and depth of damage depends on the type and concentration of the chemical, the duration of the exposure, the place of application. Less resistant mucous membranes, skin of the perineum and neck, more firm plantar surfaces of the feet and palms.
Under the action of concentrated acids on the skin and mucous membranes a dry dark brown or black, clearly defined scab quickly forms, and concentrated alkalis cause a wet gray-dirty scab without distinct outlines.
First aid. Depends on the type of chemical. When burned with concentrated acids (except for sulfuric burnt surface, it is necessary to wash with a stream of cold water for 15-20 minutes.) Sulfuric acid generates heat when interacting with water, which can intensify the burn.The alkaline solutions: soapy water, 3% soda solution 1 teaspoon per glass of water.) It is also necessary to wash the burns caused by alkalis with a jet of water and then neutralize with a weak acid solution - 2% acetic or citric (lemon juice) .After treatment, the burned surface should be applied with an aseptic dressing or moistened with solutions, Which were treated with burns.