Rubella

Acute viral disease with characteristic rash melkopyatnistoy - exanthema, generalized lymphadenopathy, fever and moderate lesion of the fetus in pregnant women. The causative agent belongs to the Togaviridae, contains RNA. In the external environment is unstable, quickly killed by heating to 56 ± C, upon drying, under the influence of ultraviolet rays, ether, etc. formalin. Disinfectants. The source of infection - the person sick rubella, especially in the subclinical form, flowing without rash.
The disease occurs in the form of epidemic outbreaks, which are repeated over 712 years. In interepidemic time isolated cases. The maximum number of cases registered in apreleiyune. Especially dangerous is the disease for pregnant women because of fetal infections. Rubella virus is released into the environment for a week before the rash appears and for a week after the rash. Infection occurs through airborne droplets.
The incubation period is 11-24 days. The general condition suffers a little, so it is often the first symptom, attention is drawn to a rash, rash, resembling the measles, the scarlet. Patients observed a small weakness, malaise, headache, and sometimes pain in the muscles and joints. Body temperature is usually low grade, although sometimes reaches 38-39 ± C and kept 1-3 days. An objective examination of observed mild symptoms of upper respiratory tract catarrh, slight redness of the throat, conjunctivitis. From the first days of illness there is a generalized lymphadenopathy (ie the total porazhenielimfaticheskoy system). Osobennno expressed enlargement and tenderness zadnesheynyh and neck l and mfaticheskih nodes. Rash appears 1-3 days after the onset of the disease, first in the neck, spreads throughout the body in a few hours, can be itchy. A certain concentration of an eruption on the surface razgibatelpoy limbs, back, buttocks. The elements are small rash of 2-4 mm diameter spots, they generally do not merge kept 3-5 days and disappear, leaving no pigmentation. In 25-30% of cases of roseola proceeds without rash umerennpym characterized by fever and lymphadenopathy. The disease can be asymptomatic, manifesting only in viremia and the growth of blood titers of specific antibodies.
Complications: arthritis, rubella encephalitis.
Held on a combination of clinical and laboratory data.
Virological methods are not yet widely used. Of the serological tests used reaction neutralization and HAI, which put with paired sera taken with an interval of 10-14 days.
In uncomplicated rubella symptomatic therapy. When rubella arthritis appoint hingamin (delagil) of 0.25 g 2-3 times a day for 5-7 days. Applied diphenhydramine (0.05 g, 2 times a day), butadiene (0.15 g, 3-4 times a day), symptomatic agents. When encephalitis shown corticosteroids.
The prognosis for rubella favorable, except for rubella encephalitis, in which mortality reaches 50%.
The most important for women of childbearing age. Some recommend starting vaccinations for girls aged 13-15 years. Patients are exposed to rubella insulation up to 5 days after rash onset.