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Bleeding


It occurs as a result of a violation of the integrity of the vessel with injuries, purulent melting, increased arterial, atmospheric pressure. Changes in the vitamin balance in the body, the effects of toxins can also lead to vascular permeability. Some diseases cause bleeding due to changes in the chemical composition of blood: hemophilia, jaundice, scarlet fever, sepsis, scurvy, etc. Bleeding may be internal or - in one direction or another body cavity (pleural, peritoneal, etc.). In the tissue (hematoma); Hidden - without having expressed external manifestations is determined by special methods of investigation. A hemorrhage is a diffuse impregnation of a tissue by a blood (subcutaneous tissue, brain tissue, etc.).
Given the time, the following are allocated: a) primary bleeding, beginning immediately after injury, trauma; B) early secondary bleeding that occurs in the first hours and days after injury (prior to the development of infection in the wound). More often from the pushing of the thrombus by the current of blood with increasing intravascular pressure or when removing the spasm of the vessel; C) late secondary bleeding, which can begin at any time after the development of infection in the wound. They are associated with a purulent melting of a thrombus in a damaged vessel or its wall and pose a danger: it is necessary to carefully observe a patient with damaged large vessels, always have bundles around his bed ready!
By severity and the resulting blood loss (acute anemia), four degrees of blood loss are recognized. 1 degree - the general condition of the patient is satisfactory, the pulse is somewhat rapid, sufficient filling, blood pressure (BP) is normal, the hemoglobin content is above 8 gr%, the circulating blood volume (BCC) deficit is not more than 5%. II degree - a condition of average gravity, pulse - frequent, a BP it is lowered up to 80 mm Hg. The hemoglobin content is up to 8 g%, the deficit of bcc reaches 15%. Grade III - a serious condition, the pulse - thready, blood pressure - up to 60 mm Hg. The hemoglobin content is up to 5 g%, the deficit of bcc is 30%. IV degree - the condition borders on the agonal, the pulse and blood pressure are not determined, the hemoglobin content is less than 5 g%, the BCC deficit is more than 30%.
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