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Description of the medicine: Lithium carbonate (Lithii carbonas)

LITHIUM CARBONATE (Lithii carbonas).

Synonyms: Contemnol, Camcolit, Carbopax, Contemnol, Eskalith, Licarb, Lithane, Lithicarb, Lithium carbonicum, Lithizine, Lithobid, Lithomyl, Lithonate, Liticar, Lito, Neurolepsin, Plenur, Priadel, Teralithe and others.

White light alkaline powder. Difficultly soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol.

The mechanism of psychotropic action of lithium preparations undergoes intensive research. It has been established that lithium ions affect the transport of sodium ions in nerve and muscle cells, as a result of which lithium acts as an antagonist of sodium ions. Under the influence of lithium, intracellular deprotection of noradrenaline increases and the amount of free norepinephrine that acts on adrenergic receptors in the brain tissues decreases. In high doses, lithium lowers the content of serotonin in the brain. Lithium ions increase the sensitivity of the neurons of the hippocampus and other areas of the brain to the action of dopamine. Thus, lithium actively influences the neurochemical processes that occur in the brain, which can underlie its therapeutic activity in mental illnesses.

The most common lithium drug is lithium carbonate.

Lithium salts are rapidly absorbed after ingestion; Dissociate in the body. Lithium ions are found in different organs and tissues 2 to 4 hours after a single dose of the drug. Lithium is excreted from the body mainly through the kidneys, and excretion is correlated with the concentration of lithium in the blood plasma, as well as with the level of sodium and potassium in the blood. With insufficient introduction of sodium chloride into the body, lithium reabsorption occurs in the renal tubules. With increased introduction of sodium chloride in the body, lithium excretion increases. In the process of treatment with lithium preparations, therefore, it is necessary to control the water-salt balance.

Lithium penetrates the placenta; Stands out with milk from nursing women.

The main indications for the use of lithium drugs are manic and hypomanic states of various genesis (especially with frequent attacks), prevention and treatment of affective psychoses (manic-depressive, schizoaffective, organic affective psychoses). There are data on the effectiveness of lithium, not only with endogenous psychoses, but also in patients with organic psychoses, epilepsy, in psychopaths with different affective fluctuations. Lithium preparations are also used to prevent and treat affective disorders in patients with chronic alcoholism.

Assign inside after eating (to reduce the irritant effect on the gastric mucosa). Doses should be individually set and monitored for lithium content in serum. The determination is made by flame photometry. The concentration of lithium in blood plasma should not be less than 0.6 and not higher than 1, 2 - 1, 6 mmol / l. At lower concentrations, the effect usually does not occur, at higher concentrations, toxic effects are possible.