Description of the medicine: Kanamycin (Kanamycinum)

KANAMYCIN (Kanamycinum).

Antibacterial agent produced by the radiant fungus Streptomyces kanamyceticus by other related organisms.

Refers to the antibiotics of the aminoglycoside group.

O-3-Amino-3-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-> 6) -O- [6-amino-6-deoxy-a-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-> 4) -2-deoxy -D- Streptamine:

Synonyms: Cantrex, Carmicina, Cristalomicina, Enterokanacin, Kamaxin, Kamynex, Kanacin, Kanamytrex, Kanoxin, Kantrex, Resitomycin, Tokomicina, Yapamicin, and others.

Kanamycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has a bactericidal effect on most gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms, as well as on acid-fast bacteria (including mycobacteria tuberculosis). Acts on strains of mycobacterium tuberculosis, resistant to streptomycin, PASK, isoniazid and anti-tuberculosis drugs (except florimycin). Effective, as a rule, against microorganisms resistant to tetracycline, erythromycin, levomycetin, but not to other drugs of the neomycin group (cross-resistance).

Does not affect anaerobic bacteria, fungi, viruses and most protozoa.

Produced in the form of two salts: kanamycin sulfate (monosulfate) for oral administration and kanamycin sulfate for parenteral use.

Kanamycin monosulfate (Kanamycini monosulfas) is a white crystalline powder, odorless and tasteless. It is easily soluble in water, practically non-soluble in alcohol. Stable in alkali solutions.

Kanamycin sulfate (Kanamycini sulfas) is a powder or a porous mass of white color. Very easily soluble in water.

The activity of kanamycin is expressed in terms of weight or unit of action (ED); 1 ED corresponds to activity of 1 μg of kanamycin A (base).

With intramuscular injection, kanamycin quickly enters the blood and remains in it at a therapeutic concentration of 8-12 hours; Penetrates into the pleural, peritoneal, synovial fluid, into the bronchial secretion, bile. Normally, kanamycin sulfate does not pass through the blood-brain barrier, but with inflammation of the meninges, the concentration of the drug in the cerebrospinal fluid can reach 30-60% of its concentration in the blood.

The antibiotic penetrates through the placenta. Kanamycin is excreted mainly by the kidneys (within 24-48 h). If renal function is impaired, excretion slows down. The activity of kanamycin in alkaline urine is much higher than in acidic. When administered orally, the drug is poorly absorbed and is excreted mainly with feces unchanged. It is also poorly absorbed when inhaled in the form of an aerosol, with a high concentration in the lungs and upper respiratory tract.

Kanamycin sulfate is used to treat severe purulent-septic diseases (sepsis, meningitis, peritonitis, septic endocarditis), infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system (pneumonia, pleural empyema, lung abscess,