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Description medications: Avodopa

Levodopa (Levodopum). (-) - 3- (3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl) -1-alanine, or 3-hydroxy-1-tyrosine.

Synonyms: Kaldopa, Levopa, Avodopa, Bendopa, Biodopa, Brocadopa , Caldopa, Cicandopa, Dalutrin, Deadopa, Dopacin, Dopaflex, Dopal, Dopar, Doparkin, Dopastral, Doprin, Eldopar, Eurodopa, Larodopa, Levodopa, Levopa, Levopar, Madopan, Medidopa, Oridopa, Pardopa, Parkidopa, Parmidin, Speciadopa, Tonodopa, Veldopa and others.

White crystalline powder, very soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.

Dihydroxyphenylalanine (abbreviated dopa or dopa) - is a biogenic substance formed in the body from tyrosine and is a precursor of dopamine, which in turn is a precursor to norepinephrine (adrenaline cm.).

Due to the fact that in parkinsonism reduced dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain for the treatment of this disease it is advisable the use of substances that increase the content of the amine in the CNS. Dopamine itself can not be used for this purpose, since it does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. It was found that its predecessor can be used in place of dopamine - dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa), which when administered orally absorbed penetrate to the CNS, undergoes decarboxylation, converted to dopamine and replenishing it reserves in the basal ganglia, stimulates dopamine receptors and provides Parkinsonism therapeutic effect .

As drug use synthetic levo isomer of dihydroxyphenylalanine - L-dopa, which is significantly more potent than the dextrorotatory isomer.

Levodopa well absorbed when taken orally. The maximum plasma concentration occurs within 1 - 2 hours after administration. Provided is largely (greater than 75%) by the kidneys partially faeces.

Most of the levodopa is converted by decarboxylation in the tissues (liver, kidney, intestine) into dopamine which does not penetrate the blood-brain barrier. To reduce the decarboxylation of levodopa is used with inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase (see. Lac, Madopar).

Use of L-dopa in parkinsonism reduces primarily rigidity and hypokinesia, and at least later reduced tremor, dysphagia, hypersalivation. It is found that the therapeutic effect is achieved at 50 - 60% of patients. The rest of the effect a little pronounced, the dose can not be increased because of the side effects.

Assign product in Parkinson's disease and symptomatic (postentsefaliticheskom, atherosclerotic, toxic) parkinsonism. There are indications of efficacy in extrapyramidal hereditary diseases characterized akinetorigidnym syndrome. It detected the effectiveness of L-dopa for the treatment of deforming muscular dystonia. There is evidence of the treatment of L-Dov jet stuporous states (especially in patients with reduced dopamine excretion).

As a proofreader at the phenomena of parkinsonism induced by neuroleptics, L-dopa is not appointed.