Description of the medicine: Pilocarpine (Pilocarpinum)

PILOCARPIN (Pilocarpinum).

An alkaloid extracted from the plant Pilocarpus pinnatifolus Jaborandi, native to Brazil.

In medical practice, pilocarpine hydrochloride (Pilocarpini hydrochloridum) is used.

Synonyms: Isopto-carpin, Oftan Pilocarpine, Pylogel, Salazhen, Isopto-carpine, Oftan Pilocarpine, Pilocar, Pilocarpinum hydrochloridum, Pilogel.

Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder odorless. Very easily soluble in water (1: 1), easily - in alcohol. Hygroscopic.

Pilocarpine, stimulating peripheral m-holinoretseptory, causes increased secretion of digestive and bronchial glands, sharp - sweating, narrowing of the pupil (with a simultaneous decrease in intraocular pressure and improvement of trophism of the eye tissues), an increase in the tone of smooth muscles of the bronchi, intestines, bile and bladder, uterus.

At reception it is quickly soaked up. When instilled into the conjunctival sac of the eye, pilocarpine in normal concentrations is not absorbed enough and has no pronounced systemic effect.

When the drug is instilled in the conjunctival bag of patients with glaucoma, the outflow of the intraocular fluid improves as a result of a reduction in the sphincter of the pupil and the retraction of the iris root, while the trabeculae are stretched due to contraction of the ciliary muscles, which in turn leads to the widening of the sinus lumen.

Pilocarpine is widely used in ophthalmic practice to reduce intraocular pressure in glaucoma, to improve trophic eyes in central retinal vein thrombosis, retinal arterial obstruction, optic nerve atrophy, vitreous hemorrhage.

They are also used to stop mydriatic action after the use of atropine, gomatropin, scopolamine or other anticholinergic substances for the purpose of dilating the pupil in ophthalmological studies.

Assign in the form of aqueous solutions; Solutions with the addition of polymeric compounds (methylcellulose, etc.), which have a prolonged effect: ointments and special films of polymeric material containing pilocarpine.

Usually 1% or 2% aqueous solution is used 2-4 times a day. In rare cases, more concentrated solutions are prescribed (4-6%).

Pilocarpine is often used in combination with other medications that reduce intraocular pressure: B-adrenoblockers (see Timolol, Proxodolol), adrenomimetics etc.

Before bed, you can pawn for 1-2% pilocarpine ointment.

Eye films with pilocarpine are advisable to appoint in cases where to normalize the tone of the eyeball requires more than 3-4 one-time instillation of drug solutions per day. The film is laid with eye pincers for the lower eyelid 1-2 times a day. Wetted with tear fluid, it swells and holds in the lower conjunctival arch.