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Description of the medicine: Ether for narcosis (Aether pro narcosi)

ETHER FOR NARKOSIS (Aether pro narcosi)

Ethyl, or diethyl ether.

Synonyms: Anesthetic Ether, Ether Anaesthesicus.

Colorless, transparent, very mobile, volatile, easily flammable liquid of a peculiar smell, burning taste. The boiling point is 34-35 ° C. The density is 0.713-0.715. Soluble in water (1:12), mixed in all proportions with alcohol, benzene, petroleum ether, essential and oily oils.

Ether vapor is easily ignited; With oxygen, air, nitrous oxide form explosive mixtures in certain concentrations.

Ether is used in surgical practice for inhalation anesthesia on an open (drip), semi-open, semi-closed and closed systems.

With a half-open system, 2-4 vol. % Of the ether in the vdikavaemoy mixture support analgesia and deenergizing of consciousness, 5 - 8 vol. % - superficial anesthesia, 10 - 12 vol. % - deep anesthesia. To put the patient to sleep, concentrations of up to 20 - 25 vol. %.

Anesthesia when using ether is relatively safe, easy to control. Skeletal muscles relax well. Unlike ftorotana, chloroform and cyclopropane, the ether does not increase the sensitivity of the myocardium to adrenaline and noradrenaline.

Ether vapor causes, however, irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and a significant increase in salivation and secretion of the bronchial glands. Irritation of the respiratory tract may be accompanied in the beginning of anesthesia by reflex changes in breathing and laryngospasm. There can be a sharp increase in blood pressure (BP), tachycardia (due to an increase in the content of norepinephrine and adrenaline in the blood), especially during the period of excitation.

Euthanasia is painful for patients and prolonged (12 - 20 minutes). Awakening occurs only 20-40 minutes after the termination of the ether, and completely anesthetic depression passes in a few hours. In the postoperative period, vomiting and respiratory depression are often observed. In connection with the irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, bronchopneumonia is subsequently possible.

To reduce reflex reactions and restrict secretion to patients before anesthesia, it is necessary to administer atropine or other anticholinergic agents (metacin).

To reduce excitement, ether anesthesia is often used after induction anesthesia with barbiturates. Sometimes anesthesia is started with nitrous oxide, and the ether is used to maintain anesthesia.

The use of muscle relaxants allows not only to increase muscle relaxation, but also to significantly reduce the amount of ether needed for anesthesia - up to 2-4 vol. % (To maintain anesthesia with a semi-open system).

Contraindications to the use of ethereal anesthesia are acute respiratory diseases, increased intracranial pressure, cardiovascular diseases with a significant increase in blood pressure and cardiac decompensation, severe liver and kidney disease, general exhaustion, diabetes, acidosis.