Description of the medicine: Anestecain

LIDOCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE (Lidocaini hydrochloridum).
2-diethylamino-2 ', 6'-atsetoksilidida hydrochloride or a -dietilamino-2, 6-dimetilatsetanilida hydrochloride monohydrate.

Synonyms: Lidocaine, Xylocaine, Lidestin, Acetoxyline, Alocaine, Anestacon, Anestecain , Astracaine, Dolicaine, Dulcicaine, Esracaine, Fastocaine, Leostesin, Lidestin, Lidocaine, Lidocard, Lidocaton, Lignocain, Maricain, Nulicaine, Octocaine, Remicaine, Solcain, Stericaine, Xycain, Xylesin, Xylocain, Xylocard, Xylocitin, Xyloton, Xylotox and others.

White or almost white crystalline powder. Very easily soluble in water, soluble in alcohol.

On the chemical structure of xylocaine refers to the derivatives of acetanilide. Unlike novocaine, it is not an ester, it is slower metabolized in the body and lasts longer than novocaine. Due to the fact that in its metabolism in the body is no formation of para-aminobenzoic acid, it has not antisulfanilamidnoe action and can be used in patients receiving sulfa drugs. To this group of local anesthetics is trimekain. Close to them on the structure of pyromecaine.

Along with local anesthetic activity, lidocaine possesses pronounced antiarrhythmic properties.

Lidocaine is a strong local anesthetic that causes all kinds of local anesthesia: terminal, infiltration, and conductive. In comparison with novocaine it acts faster, stronger and longer. The relative toxicity of lidocaine depends on the concentration of the solution. In small concentrations (0.5%), it does not differ significantly in toxicity from novocaine; With an increase in concentration (1% and 2%), the toxicity rises (by 40-50%).

For infiltration anesthesia apply 0.125%, 0.25% and 0.5% solutions; For anesthesia of peripheral nerves - 1% and 2% solutions; For epidural anesthesia - 1% - 2% solutions; For spinal anesthesia 2% solutions.

The amount of solution and the total dose of lidocaine depend on the type of anesthesia and the nature of the surgical intervention. With increasing concentration, the total dose of lidocaine is reduced.

When applying 0.125% solution, the maximum amount of solution is 1600 ml and the total dose of lidocaine hydrochloride is 2000 mg (2 g); When applying a 0.25% solution, respectively 800 ml and 2000 mg (2 g); 0.5% solution - a total of 80 ml, and a total dose of 400 mg; 1% and 2% solutions - a total of 40 and 20 ml, respectively, and a total dose of 400 mg (0.4 g).

To lubricate the mucous membranes (. With tracheal intubation, bronhoezofagoskopii, removing polyps, maxillary sinus punctures, etc.) using 1 - 2% solution, at least - 5% solution in the amount of not more than 20 ml.

Lidocaine solutions are compatible with epinephrine; added ex tempore 1% solution of adrenaline gidrohlorila 1 drop per 10 ml lidocaine solution, but not more than 5 drops per all amount of the solution.

The use of lidocaine as an antiarrhythmic is mainly due to its stabilizing effect on the cell membranes of the myocardium (the action inherent in some other local anesthetics, blockers and other drugs that have an antiarrhythmic effect).