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Description medications: Nitroglycerin (Nitroglycerinum)

NITROGLYCERIN (Nitroglycerinum).

In chemically nitroglycerin is glyceryl trinitrate.

Cinonimy: Angibid, Anginine [one of the synonyms parmidina (cm.)], Angiolingual, Angised, Angorin, Glyceryl trinitrate, Myoglycerin, Nitrangin, Nitrocardiol, Nitroglycerol, Nitroglyn, Nitromint, Nitrostat, Nitrozell, Trinitrin, Trinitroglycerol, Trinitrol and others.

A colorless oily liquid. Poorly soluble in water, good - in alcohol, ether, chloroform.

For use in medical practice nitroglycerine is produced in the form of finished dosage forms: a) 1% nitroglycerin solution (Solutio Nitrogluserini 1% or Nitrogliserinum solutum); 1% solution of nitroglycerin in alcohol; transparent colorless liquid; b) a nitroglycerin tablet (Tabulettae Nitroglycerini), containing 0.0005 g (0.5 mg) of nitroglycerin, which corresponds to about 3 drops of 1% solution; c) 1% solution of nitroglycerin in the oil capsules (Solutio Nitroglycerini 1% oleosa in capsulis), containing 1 mg or 0.5 mg of nitroglycerin.

These dosage forms are used primarily for relief of acute attacks of angina. To prevent attacks mainly administered sustained release formulations (see. Below).

For intravenous drug produced a special form of nitroglycerin.

Nitroglycerin is easily absorbed by the skin and mucous membranes, but poor - from the gastrointestinal tract, so it is much better with sublingual application.

With sublingual (as a solution, tablet or capsule), nitroglycerin penetrates quickly into the blood. The effect occurs within 1 - 2 minutes and lasts 20 - 30 minutes. When applied to the mucous membranes consisting of polymer films, nitroglycerin absorbed slower acting but more lasting. Yet slowly absorbed and long-acting nitroglycerin when administered in the form of special dosage forms (see. Nitrogranulong, sustaka et al.). When intravenously effect develops rapidly.

Depending on the dosage form and route of administration, nitroglycerin and its finished dosage form is prescribed for the relief or prevention of angina attacks.

Apply nitroglycerin well as left ventricular failure, including myocardial infarction, sometimes - at the eye embolism of central retinal artery.

Along with a decrease in the resistance of coronary and peripheral vessels, nitroglycerin reduces venous return to the heart, promotes redistribution of blood flow in the myocardium to ischemia and hearth reduction in myocardial infarction foci of ischemic damage, enhances inotropic myocardial function. Like other organic nitrates, nitroglycerine improves metabolic processes in myocardium, reducing myocardial oxygen demand.

Currently, 1% (alcohol) solution sublingual nitroglycerin application is rarely used. Most use a tablet or capsule. When using a 1% solution is applied 1 - 2 drops under the tongue or moisten 2 - 3 drops of a small piece of sugar and keep it in your mouth (under the tongue), not swallowing, until complete absorption.