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Description of the medicine: Mannitum

MANNITUM.

Is a six-atom alcohol; Belongs to a group of sugars.

Synonyms: Mannitol, Aerosmosol, Diosmol, Isotol, Manicol, Manitol, Mannidex, Mannigen, Mannistol, Mannitol, Mannyl, Osmitrol, Osmosal, Rectisol, Renitol.

For medical use, mannitol is injected for injections (Mannitum pro injectionibus). Lyophilized mass of light yellow color. It is soluble in water, very easy - in hot water.

Hypertensive solutions of mannitol have a strong diuretic effect. The effect is due to an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma and a decrease in the reabsorption of water. Diuretic effect is characterized by the release of a large amount of free water, which distinguishes mannitol from other osmotic diuretics, in particular urea. The drug does not affect glomerular filtration. Diuresis is accompanied by a significant release of sodium without a significant effect on the release of potassium. The effect is higher, the greater the concentration of the drug. If there is a violation of the filtration function of the kidneys, the diuretic effect may be absent.

Apply mannitol in the form of 10 - 15 - 20% solution to reduce intracranial pressure and reduce cerebral edema, with acute renal or renal-hepatic insufficiency with preserved filtration ability of the kidneys and other conditions requiring enhanced diuresis. In acute congestive glaucoma, mannitol can be used for dehydration (see Urea).

In connection with the dehydrating effect and the decrease in intracranial pressure, it is also prescribed for intensive therapy of convulsive status.

Mannitol is also recommended for use in operations with artificial circulation in order to prevent kidney ischemia and associated acute renal failure. The drug provides increased fluid excretion after perfusion, lowers the resistance of renal vessels and strengthens blood flow in them, promotes excretion of nephrotoxins. The drug is also effective in barbiturate poisoning.

Enter mannitol intravenously (struino slowly or drip). Apply a ready 15% solution or 10 - 15 - 20% solutions prepared exterrone: 10% solution can be prepared at room temperature, 15% and 20% solutions - when heated in a water bath up to +37 C. Mannitol is dissolved in sterile water for Injections or in a 5% solution of glucose. Solutions should be colorless, transparent, odorless.

With a preventive purpose, injected in a single dose at a rate of 0.5 g / kg, with a therapeutic dose of 1 - 1, 5 g / kg. The daily dose should not be above 140 - 180 g.

In operations with artificial (extracorporeal) circulation, 20-40 g of mannitol are injected directly into the apparatus immediately before the start of perfusion.

Contraindications: violations of the excretory function of the kidneys and severe circulatory insufficiency. With excessive administration of mannitol, signs of dehydration may appear (dyspeptic phenomena, hallucinations, etc.). To avoid dehydration, it is necessary to introduce a liquid into the body (see Urea). Mannitol should be reintroduced under the control of the water-salt balance.