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Rupture of the knee joint meniscus


In the first hours and even days after the injury, meniscus damage is masked by a knee joint injury and hemarthrosis. Localization of pain at the level of the joint space, its strengthening during movement, especially the extension, makes one suspect a meniscus injury. The main symptom is knee joint blockage in a semi-bent position, caused by the infringement of the damaged meniscus between the articular surfaces of the thigh and lower leg. The blockade is accompanied by sharp pain, soon there is an effusion into the joint cavity, after which the joint gap widens and the dislocated and impaired meniscus self-aligned. In the future, the infringement of the meniscus becomes more frequent, there is a rapid fatigue of the limb, instability in the knee joint, difficulty in descending from the stairs.
Recognition:
The diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray examination of the joint with contrast medium or air.
Treatment of the meniscus rupture is operative and consists in its removal. Cancer. A tumor that develops from the integumentary or glandular epithelium.
It consists of a connective tissue stroma with developed lymphatic and blood vessels and parenchyma from epithelial cells located in separate cells. If the stroma is small and mostly large cells, then these tumors are called cerebral cancer; In cases where large stroma speak of scirrhous cancer (scirrus, fibrous cancer), with the predominance of glandular cells - adenoarcinoma. There is cancer in all organs and tissues, in which there are epithelial elements, most often in the stomach, lungs, uterus, in the mammary gland and on the skin.
Development begins with atypical reproduction of epithelial cells, which destroy their own connective shell and form separate accumulations of cancer cells and proliferation of connective tissue stroma. Initially, a cancerous tumor of small size, mobile (1 stage). Later it begins to grow into the thickness of the tissue or organ, causing the disorder of its function, there are separate metastases in the lymph nodes (stage II). The tumor begins to grow into neighboring tissues, becomes inactive, metastases appear in the regional lymph nodes (III stages). Rapid growth of the tumor is accompanied by necrosis and ulceration, which often cause bleeding. There are separate metastases. The general condition of the patient deteriorates sharply, there is a decline in diet - cancer cachexia (stage IV).
Symptoms and course depend on the localization and stage of cancer development. Treatment operative or complex in combination with radiation and hormone-
Therapy. Surgical method with success can be applied in the 1 st and 2 nd stages of the disease. In the III stage, operational tactics are combined with other types of therapy (radiotherapy).
In the IV stage, a radical method is impossible. Produce palliative operations and conduct symptomatic treatment.