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X-ray diagnostics


Recognition of damages and diseases of various human organs and systems on the basis of obtaining and analyzing their X-ray image.
In this study, the beam of X-rays, passing through the organ and tissue, is absorbed by them in an uneven degree and at the output becomes non-uniform. Therefore, then falling on the screen or film, causes the effect of a shadow exposure, consisting of light and darker areas of the body.
At the dawn of roentgenology, the area of ​​its application was only the respiratory system and the skeleton. Today the range is much wider: the gastrointestinal, biliary and urinary tracts, kidneys, blood and lymphatic vessels, etc.
The main tasks of X-ray diagnostics are to establish whether a patient has any disease and to identify its distinctive features in order to differentiate with other pathological processes; Accurately determine the location and extent of the prevalence of the lesion, the presence of complications; Give an assessment of the general condition of the patient.
The organs and tissues of the body differ from each other in density and ability to X-ray transmission. So, well, bones and joints, lungs, heart are visible. With x-ray of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, bronchi, vessels, the natural contrast of which is insufficient, resort to artificial, specially introducing into the body harmless radiopaque substances. These include barium sulphate, iodide organic compounds. They are taken orally (when they examine the stomach), injected into the bloodstream intravenously (with urography of the kidneys and urinary tract) or directly into the cavity of the organ (for example, with bronchography).
Indications for x-ray examination are extremely wide. The choice of the optimal method is determined by the diagnostic task in each specific case. Begin, as a rule, with fluoroscopy or radiography.