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Scarlet fever


Acute streptococcal disease with me-pkotochechnoy rash, fever, general intoxication, angina, tachycardia. Pathogen - toxigenic streptococcus group A. The source of infection is a sick person, the most dangerous in the first days of illness. More common in children under 10 years. Incidence rises and autumn-winter period.
Symptoms and over:
The incubation period is usually 2-7 days. Disease begins acutely. Increased body temperature, joins a pronounced malaise, headache, pain in the throat when swallowing, a fever. A typical symptom is constant and angina: the bright redness of the throat, swollen lymph nodes and tonsils, which are often on the surface of plaque is found. By the end of 1, top 2 days appear characteristic exanthema (a bright pink or red rash punctulate, which condenses in the field of natural skin folds). Face bright red with a pale nasolabial triangle, but the edges of which can be discerned punctate rash. On the limb bends frequent petechial hemorrhages. The rash may be small CSD bubbles filled with clear content (miliary rash). In some patients, there is itching. Rash lasts from 2 to 5 days, and then fades, while the body temperature is reduced. The second week begins plate-shaped skin lesions, most pronounced at the joints of hands (small - and krupnootrubchatoe). Language and the beginning of the disease imposed, cleared to Day 2, and takes a characteristic appearance (bright red or "raspberry" tongue).
Cardio-vascular system is observed tachycardia, moderate muted tones of the heart. There is increased fragility of blood vessels. In the blood - neutrophilic leukocytosis with a shift to the left of nuclear, ESR increased. Typically an increase in the number of eosinophils by the end of 1 - 2 weeks of the beginning of the disease. Lymph nodes are enlarged, the disease. Possible enlargement of the liver, spleen.
The average disease lasts from 5 to 10 days. It may occur in the typical and atypical forms. Erased form characterized by mild symptoms, and toxic and hemorrhagic phenomena occur with bleeding acting on the first plan syndrome toxicity (poisoning): loss of consciousness, convulsions, kidney and cardiovascular failure.
Complications: lymphadenitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, jade, otogenny brain abscess, rheumatism, myocarditis.
Treatment:
With appropriate conditions - at home. Hospitalization for epidemic and clinical indications. Bed rest for 5-6 days. Spend antibiotic drugs in the penicillin group average daily doses, vitamin therapy (vitamins of groups B, C, F), detoxification (gemodez, 20% glucose solution with vitamins). The course of treatment with antibiotics for 5-7 days.
Prevention:
Isolation of patients. Contact Exclusion recovering from newly admitted to the hospital. Discharge from the hospital on or after 10 days of illness. Children's institutions are allowed to visit after 23 days from the onset of the disease. The apartment where the patient, regular disinfection should be carried out. Imposed quarantine for 7 days without a history of scarlet fever after their separation with the patient.