Scoliosis

Lateral curvature of the spine. Most often acquired (5-15 years), but it happens and congenital. Incorrect pose of children during classes leads to an uneven load on the spine and back muscles.
The disease begins with weakness of the back muscles, poor posture, protruding scapula. Later, there is a change in the vertebrae and their ligaments; A strong lateral curvature is formed. It can be a consequence of rickets, long asymmetrical loads on the back muscles. Scoliosis can lead to fracture of the vertebra, its destruction by a painful process (osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, syphilis). With a shortening of one leg, functional scoliosis may occur.
Clinically, there are three stages. The first: at fatigue of muscles of a back there is a scoliosis, and after rest the curvature disappears. The second stage: the curvature becomes permanent, the mobility of the spine sharply decreases. The shape of the chest changes, the scapula appears and becomes higher on the convex side of the thoracic scoliosis. At the third stage the position of internal organs changes, their function becomes more difficult.
Prevention is much more effective. Of great importance are physical culture and sports, proper posture of the child, observance of the regime of work and rest.
It is mainly built on general mobilizing and special gymnastic exercises under the supervision of a doctor. Sometimes it is recommended to wear a corset, and in neglected cases - surgical intervention.
Elephantiness (elephantiasis). Persistent increase in the size of any part of the body (limb, scrotum) due to the painful growth (hyperplasia) of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, which is caused by the constant stagnation of lymph with the formation of edema. Predisposing factors can be frequently recurrent or chronic inflammation (erysipelas, lymphangitis, lymphadenitis, thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers of the shin). Most often, the lower extremities are affected.
At the beginning of the disease, a small swelling appears on the back of the foot, which further progresses. Formed thick folds of the skin, the thickening becomes an elephant's foot. Often small bubbles with liquid appear on the skin.
Usually conservative, aimed at treating inflammatory diseases, improving lymphatic outflow from the lower limbs. In severe cases, surgical operations are used.