Typhus

The disease is caused by R. prowazeki, different cyclic course with fever, typhoid state, a kind of rash, as well as damage to the nervous and cardiovascular systems.
The source of infection - a sick man only, which wardrobes and head lice, sucked blood containing Rickettsia, pass them healthy person. A person infected by scratching the bite, rubbing feces of lice in the skin. When the bite of lice infestation does not occur, as in their salivary glands pathogen of typhus absent. The susceptibility of people to typhus is high enough.
The incubation period lasts 12-14 days. Sometimes at the end of incubation, there was a slight headache, body aches, poziablivapie.
The body temperature rises a little chill to 2-3 and already the day is set to the high numbers (38-39 ± C), sometimes it reaches a maximum value at the end of day 1. In the future, the fever is permanent with a slight decrease of 4, 8, 12 days of illness. Sooner appear sharp headache, insomnia, fatigue comes quickly, the patient is excited (talkative, agile). Face red, puffy. On the conjunctiva sometimes visible small hemorrhages. In zevediffuznaya hyperemia, hemorrhage point may appear on the soft palate. Language dry, thickened, lined with gray-brown patina, sometimes difficult to put out. The skin is dry, hot to the touch, in the early days of sweating almost never happens. There is a weakening of heart sounds, shortness of breath, enlarged liver and spleen (with 3-4 days of illness). One of the characteristic features - typhus rash. The rash appears on the 4-5 day of illness. It is multiple, exuberant, located mainly in the skin of the abdomen and chest side surfaces, in the crook of hands, grabs his hands and feet, never on the face. The rash occurs within 2-3 days, gradually disappear in the future (after 78 days), leaving for a while pigmentation. With the onset of the rash the patient's condition deteriorates. Dramatically enhanced toxicity. Excitation is replaced by depression, lethargy. At this time, the collapse may develop: the patient in prostration, skin covered with cold sweat, rapid pulse, heart sounds dull.
Recovery is characterized by a decrease in body temperature, rapid lysis of 8-12 day of the disease, a gradual decrease in headaches, improved sleep, appetite, reduction of activity of internal organs.
The most effective antibiotics of the tetracycline group, who appoint 0.3-0.4 g 4 times a day. You can use chloramphenicol. Antibiotics are given 2 days of normal temperature, duration of the course is usually 4-5 days. For detoxification impose 5% glucose solution. Apply oxygen therapy. With a sharp excitation shown barbiturates, chloral hydrate. Of great importance are adequate nutrition and vitamin therapy. An important role is played by the correct patient care (complete rest, fresh air, comfortable bed and linens, daily toilet of the skin and oral cavity).
Early hospitalization of patients. Sanitary processing chamber. Monitoring of persons that were in contact with the patient is carried out 25 days with daily thermometry.