The tetralogy of phallus (the most frequent "blue" defect)

The tetralogy of Fallot (the most frequent "blue" defect) is a combination of 4 signs: stenosis (constriction) of the pulmonary artery up to the complete closure of the lumen, aortic dextroposition (the aorta seems to sit on the right and left ventricles, that is, communicate with both of them) Defect of the interventricular septum and hypertrophy (increase) of the right ventricle. It is accompanied from an early childhood by persistent cyanosis and is compatible with a relatively long life.
Shortness of breath appears in childhood, usually associated with even a little physical exertion, sometimes has the character of suffocation. Children often seek relief in a squatting position, get used to sit cross-legged, and sleep with knees tightened to the stomach. They are feeble, chilly, they have fainting and convulsions. Feeling is adversely affected by changes in atmospheric conditions, excessive heat, cold - shortness of breath increases, general weakness, cyanosis. Nervous disorders can appear. Children have violations of the digestive system, in adolescents - palpitations, a feeling of heaviness in the heart with muscular load. The physical development and growth of the child is delayed, the mental and sexual retardation is delayed. Attention is drawn to the inconsistently long and finer limbs, especially the lower ones. Important signs
- cyanotic fingers, thickened in the form of tympanic sticks. A rough noise is heard over my heart. Complications of the defect - coma, smazakpyye with a decrease in the oxygen content of the blood, thrombosis, frequent pneumonia, infectiousness and endocarditis, heart failure. The average life expectancy is 12 years.
Recognition of the defect is performed when probing the heart cavities, angiocardiography.
Treatment is surgical.