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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)


HIV (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS) - slowly progressing infection arising from a human immunodeficiency virus that invades the immune system, whereby the body becomes highly susceptible to various infections and tumors which eventually lead to the death of the patient.
Cause. The causative agent of AIDS virus relates to slow infections. There are two groups of viruses - HIV-1 and HIV-2. They quickly izmenyayutya. Boiling die within 1 minute, rapidly inactivated by exposure to disinfectants. Resistant to sunlight and freezing.
Source of agent - the person, the patient, or a virus carrier. AIDS patients are infectious throughout their lives.
virus transmission is through sexual contact, transfusion of infected blood and by infected blood, instruments, objects, from mother to fetus. The most dangerous in the spread of both sexes face the disease, promiscuous, and homosexuals.
HIV is not transmitted through insect bites, when household contact, through saliva.
The process of developing the disease. Infection occurs by ingestion of the virus in the blood or mucous membranes. Hence it is implemented in a variety of cells and tissues embedded in them. HIV may be for many years in the human body, without causing any visible signs of illness. Under the influence of external factors, most often - other viral infections (. Herpes, hepatitis B, etc.), the virus is activated, it begins to multiply and destroy the cells infected them in the first place of the immune system cells that make a person vulnerable to infections and tumors.
Signs. The incubation period of up to one month. Most infected initially feel healthy and the disease does not manifest itself, but is detected at a blood test.
After 1.5-2 years in patients with swollen lymph nodes (more than 1 cm) of several areas of the body (neck, elbow, axillary, supraclavicular) without disturbing the state of health and any symptoms.
After 6 months, - 5 years after the start of this stage secondary diseases.
In the first 3-7 years of reduced mental and physical performance, there is profuse night sweats, periodic increase in body temperature up to 38 ° C, unstable stool, weight loss up to 10%. In this phase of the disease are fungal skin diseases, herpes, shingles, warts, pustular and allergic skin diseases, psoriasis, lesions of the mucous membranes, recurrent acute respiratory infections and inflammation of the paranasal sinuses.
Then there is unexplained fever or diarrhea for more than 1 month, body weight loss of more than 10%, expressed by skin lesions in the form of fungal infection of the mouth, re-distribution of herpes zoster, chronic pustular skin lesions, boils, bleeding into the skin, skin cancer (Kaposi's sarcoma ).
If the duration of HIV infection more than 5 years usually develop severe infections caused by microorganisms, which do not cause disease in healthy subjects and novoobrazovavniya that lead to the death of the patient.
Recognition of the disease. The diagnosis of HIV infection is made from a special blood tests, which, in most cases, gives the result at 3 months after infection. Blood for the studies taken from the cubital vein in an amount of 3-5 ml.
The indications for screening for HIV infection are:
fever for more than 1 month;
diarrhea for more than 1 month;
unexplained weight loss of 10% or more;
prolonged, repeated or not amenable to conventional treatment of lung inflammation;
persistent cough for more than 1 month;
swollen lymph nodes 2 or more groups of more than 1 month;
dementia in previously healthy people;
other more serious illnesses. Screening for HIV can be done anonymously.
Treatment. HIV-infected in isolation do not need.
When the diagnosis of HIV patients are hospitalized in specialized clinics or departments. Spent treatment prevents disease progression, prevents or postpones the development ugrozhayushih life defeats, as is currently the medicine does not have the means that would allow to cure a person of HIV infection.
Clinical examination. After hospitalization of patients for life under the supervision of specialist regional centers for prevention and control of AIDS, where it turns out to be any kind of skilled care while guaranteeing secrecy of the diagnosis.
Prevention of disease. The basic method - interruption of transmission paths.
For the prevention of sexual transmission should be a reliable sexual partner or use a condom during casual sexual contact. Starting sex education is necessary from childhood.
In health care measures are being taken to decontaminate the instrument, studied all the portions of donor blood.
Addicts need a disposable syringe.
Persons in contact with HIV-infected people, are exposed to survey.