Esophageal carcinoma
Esophageal carcinoma. It is usually diagnosed at the age of 55 years and older, in men it is 3 times more often than in women. Russia is characterized by uneven morbidity in different republics: the highest in Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan.
The main histological form is squamous cell carcinoma. Malignant tumors are preceded by chronic esophagitis, peptic ulcers, chemical and thermal burns. Aetiological importance is also the systematic use of very hot food, micro-burns and micro-traumas of the esophagus, the effect of aflatoxins, nitrosamines, alcohol, lack of vitamins A and C.
Esophageal cancer can be ulcerative, warty-papillomatous and infiltrating. Most often, tumors are located in the middle third of the esophagus (60%), then in the lower third (30%), less often in the cervical region.
Symptoms: dysphagia (first there are difficulties in swallowing solid foods, then semi-liquid and liquid, dysphagia progresses continuously), pain (also during swallowing), salivation (usually with upper cervical and upper thoracic cancer), weight loss and dehydration.
X-ray and endoscopic examination allows to reveal the level of narrowing of the esophagus, to determine the size of the tumor, the presence of ulceration. The final diagnosis is made after a biopsy. Patients die from complications associated with the primary tumor (perforation, causing mediastinitis, exhaustion), and from distant metastases (lymph nodes, lungs, liver).
Treatment. The main method of treatment - surgical or combined (radiotherapy in combination with the operation). Palliative operations such as gastrostomy can be performed. Radiation treatment as the only method is also possible. When chemotherapy is used, adriablastin, fluorouracil, methotrexate, cisplatin, bleomycin, prospidin.
- General clinical methods of treatment of diseases
- Principles of treatment of critical conditions
- Acute cardiovascular failure and cardiac arrest
- Traumatic shock
- Treatment of neoplastic diseases
- Cancer of the vagina and external genitalia
- Cancer of the larynx
- Lip Cancer
- Stomach cancer
- Cancer of the biliary tract and large duodenal papilla
- Skin cancer
- Lymphomas of the skin
- Bone marrow tumors
- Lung cancer
- Tumors of the uterus
- Mesothelioma
- Melanoma
- Tumors of the brain (head and spinal)
- Mammary cancer
- Cancer of the bladder
- Tumors of the adrenal gland
- Neuroblastoma
- Tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
- Nasopharyngeal tumors
- Parathyroid Tumors
- Liver cancer
- Pancreas cancer
- Tumors of the pancreas from the islets of Langergans
- Cancer of the penis
- Cancer of the kidney and ureter
- Prostate Cancer
- Mucosal cancer of the mouth
- Malignant tumors of oropharynx
- Cancer of the salivary glands
- Soft tissue sarcomas
- Rhabdomyosarcoma in children
- Colon cancer (colonic and direct)
- Malignant tumors of the small intestine
- Thyroid cancer
- Malignant testicular tumors
- Cancer of the ovary
- Principles of treatment of sepsis
- Treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome
Comments
Commenting on, remember that the content and tone of your message can hurt the feelings of real people, show respect and tolerance to your interlocutors even if you do not share their opinion, your behavior in the conditions of freedom of expression and anonymity provided by the Internet, changes Not only virtual, but also the real world. All comments are hidden from the index, spam is controlled.