Cancer of the penis
Cancer of the penis. Relatively rare disease. It can develop against a background of premalignant diseases (leukoplakia, erythroplasia Keira, etc.). Almost in all cases, squamous cell carcinoma develops with a high degree of differentiation. Usually affects the body of the penis, the urethra is involved extremely rarely. Metastases are formed on both sides in inguinal, pelvic and retroperitoneal lymph nodes, lungs. Tumor growths have a slow development, followed by ulceration, bleeding, inflammatory complications, phimosis arises.
Diagnosis is established by cytological examination of fingerprints or punctate from the tumor, as well as as a result of histological examination during biopsy. The diagnosis is often delayed due to the late treatment of the patient, which is why information about the possibility of curing penile cancer in the early stages and preventive examinations is extremely important.
Stages of the disease: Stage I-localized tumor without metastases. It is highly effective to remove the tumor within the limits of healthy tissues or radiotherapy. After irradiation, urethral narrowing, skin changes, atrophy may develop. Relapse of the disease appears rarely. After 5 years, 90% of patients are healthy. Stage II is characterized by the presence of metastases in the lymph nodes. The treatment is similar, in addition to the inguinal and pelvic lymph nodes conduct radiation therapy. Later, local relapse occurs rarely, but metastases can develop. Five-year survival rate is 30%. Stage II! -IV is an inoperable primary tumor with metastases to and from lymphatic and other organs and tissues. Palliative treatment is the removal of the penis, radiation therapy and chemotherapy (treatment regimens are similar to those used for advanced skin cancer).
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