Traumas of the larynx are most often found in motorists, motorcyclists, cyclists and are caused by a blow from the neck on the steering wheel. Trauma can also occur if a person accidentally or intentionally swallows acid or alkali. Injuries occur when foreign bodies enter the larynx.
All injuries of the larynx are divided into bruises, wounds, burns, dislocations and cartilage fractures. Fractures can be open and closed, sometimes trauma of the larynx can be combined with injuries of neighboring organs - pharynx, esophagus, thyroid.

Contusions and compression. The cause of compression of the larynx can be the formation of hemorrhage (bruises), bruises occur when the impact on the front surface of the neck. With bruises and compression there are no external or internal ruptures, and there is a violation of the integrity of the larynx. Patients usually complain of pain and discomfort in the larynx, maybe swelling.
Treatment: the patient must be observed in a hospital environment, tk. Complications may occur later. The mode of silence, cold on the neck, sparing diet is appointed.

Wounds relate to open injuries, wounds can be cut, chopped, gunshot and bitten. Usually through the wound enters and leaves the air, the foamy blood and mucus are allocated. The patient has a paroxysmal cough, breathing and swallowing, voice changes. Food can get into the airways and be thrown out through the wound. Gradually grows emphysema of the lungs, especially with stab wounds.
Treatment: conducted in a hospital. Restoration of breathing (tracheostomy), stopping of bleeding, surgical treatment and suturing of the wound are carried out.

Burns of the larynx are divided into thermal and chemical burns. Usually they are combined with burns of the lips, mouth, throat and esophagus. There are surface burns of I-II degree and deep-III degrees.
Thermal burns occur as a result of exposure to hot air, steam or liquid, chemical - acids, alkalis (most often acetic acid, caustic soda), ammonia.
With thermal burns, redness and swelling of the mucous membrane of the larynx are determined, with a second-degree burn, a grayish-white coating appears, sometimes bubbles filled with serous fluid are formed. The most severe changes for third degree burns, because Necrosis (necrosis) of tissues is observed. With chemical burns, there is also a picture of general poisoning. Burns of the larynx can further lead to the formation of gross scars and narrowing of the laryngeal lumen.
Help and treatment: with thermal burns, pain medications are prescribed, a gentle diet. Intravenously injected 10-20% glucose and saline solution of sodium chloride (0.9%). With a chemical burn, it is important to find out what substance it is caused by. A gastric lavage and irrigation of the pharynx and larynx must be performed with neutralizing agents. When poisoning with acids, the stomach is washed with 4% sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (soda), with alkali poisoning - weak acid solutions. Antibiotics are used to prevent bacterial complications.

Dislocation of the cartilage of the larynx. Dislocations, as a rule, occur in combination with wounds of the larynx or fractures of its cartilage. The dislocation of the arytenoid cartilage is accompanied by a violation of the voice and swallowing. The total dislocation of the larynx can be in relation to the trachea and in relation to the overlying departments. The larynx is shifted to the side with a simultaneous rotation around the vertical axis. The patient is very difficult breathing.
Treatment: conducted in the ENT hospital. A mode of silence, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory treatment, local-vasoconstrictive drugs is prescribed. Surgical intervention is performed with the development of narrowing of the larynx lumen, which makes breathing difficult.

Fractures of the cartilages of the larynx. Fractures of the cartilages of the larynx are found mainly in men, less often in women and practically absent in children due to the fact that in children the cartilage of the larynx is more elastic. Typical fractures of the thyroid cartilage are horizontal transverse - a fracture of both plates simultaneously, a comminuted fracture with vertical and horizontal-vertical cracks. At fracture of cricoid cartilage, a fragment usually breaks out from the front part of its ring. Fractures of the cartilages of the larynx are open and closed.
Immediately after the injury, the patient loses consciousness due to stopping breathing from a guttural shock or suffocation. He has shortness of breath with tight breathing, sputum with an admixture of blood, a change or a complete absence of voice, pain in the front of the neck, cough.

Detachments. The result of a blunt or acute injury of the anterior surface of the neck may be laryngeal separation from the hyoid bone. Complete breaks are rare, partial occur quite often. With complete separation, if the pharyngeal musculature is broken, the larynx descends, and the hyoid bone up and anteriorly, swallowing is impossible. One can see the retraction of the hyoid bone in place, and the angle between the chin and the front surface of the neck becomes acute.
Treatment: surgical, is performed in the ENT hospital.
It should be remembered that with all kinds of injuries normal breathing is disrupted, voice changes, it becomes painful to swallow, cough, and sometimes hemoptysis is observed. These symptoms can manifest themselves immediately after the injury, and after a while.

First aid for traumas of the larynx. If there is damage to the larynx, you need to quickly call an ambulance. Before the arrival of a doctor, it is necessary to create the maximum rest for the victim, it is necessary to give a semi-sitting or sitting position, to suck the pieces of ice. The victim should not speak. When an open injury to the larynx on the wound, a sterile or dry clean bandage should be applied. The victim can sit or lie, depending on how easy it is for him to breathe.
Trauma of the larynx is dangerous and that its consequences can appear after a few months or even years. In such cases, a person complains of constant violations of breathing, swallowing, changing the voice, then a restorative surgical treatment is necessary.