Generalized gingivitis

Generalized gingivitis. Etiology. Tooth stone, mild plaque, smoking, chemical irritation, fusospirillar infection.

Pathogenesis. Catarrhal gingivitis develops as a reaction to irritation, hypertrophic is caused by endocrine disorders, usually in the pubertal period and during pregnancy. Ulcerative gingivitis is especially often associated with immunodeficiency states of the body and a violation of the trophism of gum tissue. Important are hypovitaminosis C, the use of certain medications (diphenin, etc.).

Symptoms, course. Acute catarrhal gingivitis is characterized by hyperemia and swelling of the gums, bleeding, pain, burning; Chronic - cyanosis, edema, loosening of the gums. Microbial plaque and hard dental deposits are common. With hypertrophic gingivitis, the gum is dense, overgrown and partially covering the crowns of the teeth, more from the vestibular side. Formed false pathological pockets, subgingival stone. Anomalies of the teeth are often observed. On the roentgenogram clear changes of the interdental partitions are not detected. With ulcerative gingivitis, clouding of the gingival papillae and their soreness are observed. The gum field has the appearance of a dirty-gray, easily removable necrotic film. The nude surface is dark red, bleeding. Hearth of defeat of different lengths with uneven, scalloped edges. Sharp soreness, inability to eat. From his mouth a fetid smell, drooling. Lymph nodes are enlarged, painful. The temperature is up to 38-39 g. C. Lethargy, headache. Ulceration can spread to the mucosa of the oral cavity.

Treatment. Elimination of irritants. In chronic catarrhal gingivitis, irrigation of the mouth with a 2% solution of sodium bicarbonate and 1% solution of sodium chloride. Hypertrophic gingivitis requires surgical treatment (curettage, gingivectomy). Sclerosing therapy is possible. With ulcerative gingivitis, the disintegrated tissue is removed under infiltration analgesia with novocaine. Surface treatment with 2% hydrogen peroxide solution, trypsin, chymotrypsin. Assign immunomodulating drugs. At the expressed general phenomena-antibiotics, intimate or cardiac agents.

Forecast. Acute catarrhal gingivitis ends after 7-10 days, chronic requires persistent treatment. Hypertrophic gingivitis often recurs, patients need orthodontic treatment, usually heals completely, sometimes there are relapses. Prevention. Elimination of local irritants, mainly tartar. Systematic care of the oral cavity.