Dysbacteriosis intestinal

Dysbacteriosis intestinal - a syndrome characterized by a disturbance of the mobile balance of microflora, normally colonizing the intestine. If in healthy people in the distal parts of the small intestine and in the large intestine the lactobacilli, anaerobic streptococci, E. coli, enterococci and other microorganisms predominate, then in the dysbacteriosis the equilibrium between these microorganisms is disturbed, the putrefactive or fermenting flora, the fungi, mainly of the Candida type , Microorganisms are found in the intestine, normally uncharacteristic for it, a large number of microbes are found in the contents of the proximal parts of the small intestine and in the stomach. Actively developing opportunistic microorganisms, usually found in small intestinal contents of the intestine, instead of nonpathogenic E. coli strains (esherichia), its more pathogenic strains are often found. Thus, with dysbacteriosis, qualitative and quantitative changes in the composition of microbial associations in the gastrointestinal tract (microbial landscape) are observed.

Etiology and pathogenesis. Intestinal dysbiosis is caused by diseases and conditions, which are accompanied by a violation of the processes of digestion of nutrients in the intestine (intestinal dyspepsia, chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency, chronic pancreatitis, enteritis, colitis, etc.). The cause of intestinal dysbiosis can be a long, uncontrolled intake of antibiotics, especially a wide spectrum of action, suppressing the normal intestinal flora and promoting the development of those microorganisms that are resistant to these antibiotics.

At a dysbacteriosis the antagonistic activity of an intestinal microflora in relation to pathogenic and putrefactive microorganisms is broken. Products of abnormal cleavage of nutrients unusual for the intestine microflora (organic acids, aldehydes, indole, scatol, hydrogen sulphide, etc.), formed in large quantities, irritate the intestinal wall. It is also possible the occurrence of an allergy either to normal cleavage products of nutrients, or to bacterial antigens.

Symptoms, course. Symptoms of dyspepsia, decreased appetite, unpleasant taste in the mouth, nausea, flatulence, diarrhea or constipation. Feces have a sharp putrefactive or acidic odor. Often there are signs of general intoxication, lethargy is observed, and disability decreases. The diagnosis is confirmed by repeated studies of fecal microflora. In differential diagnosis, it is necessary to distinguish between dysbacteriosis arising from the irrational use of antibacterial drugs against a background of systematic nutritional errors (which is established on the basis of anamnesis) and dysbacteriosis accompanying acute and chronic diseases of the digestive system. With prolonged course hypoavitaminosis is possible (especially deficiency of B vitamins). Some types of intestinal dysbacteriosis (especially staphylococcal, candidamycosis, proteus, less often others) can pass into a generalized form (sepsis).

Treatment in mild cases is outpatient, in more severe-in hospital settings. Stop the introduction of antibacterial agents that could lead to the development of dysbiosis, prescribe general restorative and desensitizing therapy (vitamins, antihistamines, etc.). With candidamycosis, nystatin and levorin are recommended, with staphylococcal dysbiosis - erythromycin. To normalize the intestinal flora, it is advisable to use enteroseptol, colibacterin, bifidumbacterin, bifikopa, lactobacterin. With dysbacteriosis arising against the background of the main disease of the digestive tract (enteritis, colitis, etc.), its rational treatment is necessary. It is often expedient to prescribe preparations of digestive enzymes (abomin, polizim, festal, etc.).

Prevention is reduced to the rational use of antibiotics, nutrition and restorative therapy for people who have had severe general diseases of the digestive system.