parrot disease

Psittacosis - an acute infectious disease caused by hpamidiyami; characterized by fever, general intoxication, lung damage, nervous system, increased liver and spleen. It refers to zoonoses. The reservoir of infection and the source of infection are domestic and wild birds. The disease is more common in cold seasons. It has been established that 10-20% of all acute pneumonia have ornitoznoy etiology.

Etiology, pathogenesis. Pathogen - Chlamydia, which has a shell and is sensitive to certain antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol). Chlamydia develop intracellularly, forming cytoplasmic inclusion. In the external environment will remain until 2-3 weeks. Infection atriums is predominantly mucous membrane of the respiratory tract: infection occurs by inhalation of dust. The most common pathogen is introduced in small bronchi and bronchioles, causing peribronchial inflammation. Very quickly, the pathogen enters the bloodstream, causing the symptoms of intoxication and the defeat of various organs - the liver, spleen, nervous system and adrenal glands. Less gates of infection is the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. In these cases, the pathogen also enters the bloodstream, causing severe intoxication, an enlarged liver and spleen, but the secondary hematogenous pneumonia does not happen. As a result, the disease is atypical - without lung disease. In some cases penetrate the CNS Chlamydia, lead to the development of serous meningitis.

Symptoms within. The incubation period lasts from 6 to 17 days (usually 8-12 days). Pneumonic forms begin acutely psittacosis: with fever and symptoms of intoxication, to which only later joined by signs of a lesion of the respiratory system. In most patients, the temperature is above 39 ° C, chills, severe headache, pain in the muscles of the back and limbs, weakness, may be vomiting, nosebleeds. At 2-4-day sickness joining signs lung disease: a dry cough, sometimes stabbing pain in the chest, after 1-3 days starts to separate a small amount of mucous or muco-purulent sputum, sometimes (15% of patients) with blood. An objective study notes pale skin, absence of marked lesions of the upper airways, bradycardia, decreased blood pressure, muffled heart sounds. The majority of patients are affected the lower lobes of the lungs, most often right. Reveals shortening of percussion sounds on the affected area, listened dry and finely moist rales, some patients pleural rub. X-ray revealed peribronchial and parenchymal changes (focal and segmental pneumonia). At the end of the 1st week of half of the patients increased liver and spleen. The duration and severity of specific symptoms depend on the severity of the disease. In milder forms of toxemia expressed moderately, and the fever lasts 2-5 days, with heavy it may take up to a month. Fever wrong type of large daily scope, with recurrent chills and sweats, sometimes wavy. The period of convalescence is long (in severe forms of up to 2-3 months) remains asthenia with disability violation. In the period of early recovery can be expected recurrence and complications (myocarditis, thrombophlebitis). In some patients the disease becomes chronic.

Atypical course of acute ornithosis manifested meningeal syndrome, which can occur in the background 'ornitoznoy pneumonia (meningopnevmoniya), or serous' meningitis with a long history (fever up to a month, "sanitation of cerebrospinal fluid after 2 months). Sometimes psittacosis occurs as an acute febrile illness with severe-toxicosis, enlarged liver and spleen, but no signs of lung disease. In the diagnosis of typical forms must be differentiated from pulmonary tuberculosis and pneumonia of different etiology: diffeerentsiruyut meningeal form of tuberculosis and viral meningitis. Confirmation of the diagnosis is the detection of specific antibodies (titer of 1: 16-1: 32 and above) in the study of paired sera. Treatment. Prescribe antibiotics tetracycline group at 0.3-0.5 g 4 times a day to 4-7-th day of normal temperature. If there is evidence of incomplete pathological process tetracycline give 9-10-day normal temperature. You can assign chloramphenicol "erythromycin (intolerance to tetracycline), but these are less effective antibiotics. Penicillin, streptomycin and sulfa drugs are ineffective at psittacosis. Used pathogenetic therapy. The forecast is favorable.

Prevention. Fighting bird psittacosis, regulation of the number of pigeons, limiting contact with them; compliance with the rules of poultry processing. The patient is practically no danger to others