typhus typhus
Typhus typhus (typhus epidemic, lousy) - an acute rickettsial disease characterized by fever, general intoxication, vascular lesion and the nervous system. Possible recurrence of disease many years later (Brill's disease). It refers to anthroponoses transmissible, transmitted by lice.
Etiology, pathogenesis. Pathogen - Rickettsia Provatseka; It enters the body through tiny skin damage when scratching accompanied by rubbing into the skin of the infected feces of lice; proliferate in the vascular endothelium, causing vasculitis, leading to poor circulation. The most pronounced changes observed in the brain, adrenal glands, skin. In the decay of Rickettsia released endotoxin, conditioning the general intoxication.
Symptoms within. The incubation period lasts 12-14 days. Start acute disease. There are headache, fatigue, general weakness, chills, general hypersensitivity, insomnia, agitation, increased body temperature (up to 39-40 ° C). The skin of the face and neck hyperemia, conjunctival blood vessels dilated, may be small haemorrhages (spots Chiari - Avtsyna). The mucous membrane of the pharynx hyperemia, petechial hemorrhages may be on the soft palate. At 4-5 day typhus rash appears. Rash abundant, polymorphic, consists of roseola, primary and secondary petechiae, disappears after 6-7 days. There have tachycardia, hypotension, shortness of breath. By the 4-5-th day of increased liver and spleen. In severe forms may develop encephalitis typhous. The body temperature is reduced without antibiotic lysis shortened to 8-12-th day of illness, the appointment of antibiotics (tetracycline, chloramphenicol) - normalized within 1-2 days of starting treatment.
Complications: pneumonia, venous thrombosis, otitis, and others.
For the diagnosis of the disease is now prevalent Brill is very important indication of the transferred last typhus. To confirm the diagnosis used to RJC Provatseka rickettsial agglutination and Rickettsia. Antibodies appear in the 2nd week of illness.
Treatment. Assign tetracycline 0.3-0.4 g after 6 hours for 4-5 days. Weather favorable.
Prevention. Convalescents discharged on or after the 12th day of normal temperature. Monitoring of contact persons is conducted for 25 days with daily temperature measurement. According to epidemiological indications conduct specific prophylaxis.
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