Bronchitis acute

Bronchitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the bronchi of various etiologies. Etiology, pathogenesis. Pathogens can be pneumococci, streptococcus, staphylococcus, adenovirus, influenza virus. The inflammatory process is localized in the mucosa of the bronchi. There is swelling of the mucosa, increased secretion of secretion in the lumen of the bronchi, which in children of early age can lead to the development of obstructive syndrome.

Clinical picture. At the beginning of the disease - fever, dry cough, small disturbances of well-being. In the lungs, dry rhonchuses are heard, later wet rales are attached. In uncomplicated course, the duration of the disease is 1-2 weeks. Children with accompanying rickets, allergic diathesis, chronic tonsillitis, sinusitis, adenoiditis can have a prolonged course. Painful capillary bronchitis (bronchiolitis), in which the lumen of small bronchi is blocked by mucopurulent stoppers, is difficult. Characterized by shortness of breath, emphysema, high fever, the phenomenon of general intoxication. In the lungs small bubbling wet wheezing is heard. In young children, bronchiolitis often does not differentiate from small-focal pneumonia. Recurrent bronchitis is repeated 3-4 times a year and proceeds without signs of bronchospasm. Relapses are more often associated with the presence of foci of chronic inflammation (chronic tonsillitis, adenoids, sinusitis).

The diagnosis is based on history and clinical symptoms, absence of signs of respiratory failure.

Differential diagnosis is performed with pneumonia (clinico-radiographic signs of pulmonary disease, symptoms of respiratory failure); In the case of obstructive bronchitis - bronchial asthma (a characteristic allergic anamnesis).

Treatment is symptomatic: bed rest, good airing of the room, copious warm drink, distracting procedures (hot foot baths of temperature up to 40 ° C, mustard plasters, elder children of the can). Expectorants - alteyny syrup, pertussin, ammonia-anise drops. At high temperature - acetylsalicylic acid, amidopyrine, hyposensitizing and antihistamines -dimedrol, suprastin. Antibiotics and sulfonamides are indicated when pneumonia is attached.

The prognosis is favorable.