encephalitis virus

Encephalitis virus - a group of diseases characterized by inflammation of the brain caused by a substance and neurotropic viruses.

Etiology, pathogenesis. With the introduction of the virus occur destruction of neurons, brain tissue edema, arteritis and thrombosis of small vessels, glial proliferation. Brain damage can be diffuse (encephalomyelitis), Electoral (polioentsefalit) or local. Typically, the process involved and the brain membranes.

Tick ​​(spring-summer) encephalitis. The virus is transmitted to ticks, whose area of ​​distribution is limited to the USSR Far East, Siberia, the Urals, and to a lesser extent the central regions of the country, Belarus and the Baltic states. In addition to infection by the bite of a tick, it is possible alimentary infection route through the milk of goats and cows. The disease usually occurs in the spring and summer. As with other neuroinfections, the severity of the clinical picture and the prevalence of lesions of various parts of the nervous system can vary from mild nonspecific febrile conditions or serous meningitis to severe meningoencephalitis ending lethally. The most typical pattern of destruction of the gray matter of the brain stem and cervical spinal cord. Against the background of an acute symptom obscheinfektsionnogo develop bulbar disorders and flabby paralysis of the neck and upper limbs. Usually observed meningeal symptoms. In severe cases, there are stunning, delusions, hallucinations. The temperature begins to drop 5-7-th day of illness, followed by cerebral symptoms subside, softened focal symptoms. Blood tests in the acute period reveals leukocytosis, increased ESR: the cerebrospinal fluid in a mild pleocytosis.

In the differential diagnosis strongholds are endemic tick-borne encephalitis, his confinement to a particular period of the year, a positive complement fixation (RSK) and the neutralization reaction.

Treatment. Donor gamma globulin / m to 9.6 ml, and in severe forms of 6 ml, 2 times a day; Whey poliglobulin 6-9 ml / m; protivoentsefalitny immunoglobulin of 3-6 ml, 2 times a day, in severe cases to 12 ml. Massive doses of glucocorticoids. In order to protect against superinfection prescribe antibiotics. According to the testimony prescribe symptomatic agents. When residual defects is carried out rehabilitation therapy.

Forecast. Mortality of from 10 to 20%. In recent years dominated by relatively mild form of the disease. Maybe a full recovery or recovery with a neurological defect is most often in the form of weight loss and weakness of muscles of the neck, arms, upper limb girdle.

Prevention. Specific vaccination for the special scheme. Protection against tick bites.

Mosquito (Japanese) encephalitis. Pathogen-specific virus, carried by special mosquito species. The disease in the USSR is fixed only in the Far East and has a pronounced seasonality (summer and autumn). For the clinical picture is characterized by the severity of encephalopathy syndrome, a deep stupor. In the blood, high leukocytosis. Mortality in sporadic outbreaks to 10%; complete recovery occurs in half of patients.

The acute stage of lethargic encephalitis Economo designated as gipersomnicheskaya ophthalmoplegia. True case, the savings disease currently seems not to occur.

Encephalitis (meningoentsefalomielity) parainfek-translational and post-vaccination. Etiology, pathogenesis. Crucial are allergic mechanisms. Parainfectious complications of the nervous system are observed almost at all known infections.

Neurological syndrome parainfectious postvaccinal complications and typically has no specific attributes, it depends on the nature of the underlying disease.

Encephalomyelitis with rabies vaccination. Usually ascertain 2-3 cases of neurological complications by 10 thousand. People who have received rabies vaccine. Posleprivivochny disseminated encephalomyelitis usually occurs after several injections of rabies vaccine. Especially natural development in a similar situation against the background of transverse myelitis associated lesions of different brain regions. Treatment is symptomatic: use large doses of glucocorticoid hormones. In severe cases, antibiotics are prescribed for the prevention of superinfection.