substance-induced psychosis

Substance-induced psychosis arise as a result of acute or chronic poisoning by industrial or food poisons, chemicals used in everyday life, drug, drugs. Substance-induced psychosis can be sharp and protracted.

Acute psychosis usually occur in acute poisoning, and appear more often impaired consciousness, the structure and the depth of which depends on the nature of the toxic agent, constitutional and acquired characteristics of the organism. Stunning, stupor, coma - the most frequent forms of disorders of consciousness in case of poisoning. Stun stupor and may be accompanied by chaotic motor excitation. Often, substance-induced psychosis manifested delirious dimming of consciousness and hallucinatory disorders (with atropine poisoning, arsenical hydrogen, gasoline, derivatives of lysergic acid, tetraethyl lead). In severe cases of disturbance of consciousness takes the form amentia.

Protracted substance-induced psychosis manifested most psychoorganic and less endoformnymi (affective, hallucinatory-delusional, catatonic) syndromes. Psycho-organic disorders may be limited asthenoneurotic phenomena; In more severe cases, there are intellectual-mental decline, psychopathic personality changes. Finally, psycho-organic disorders can achieve the degree of dementia with gross memory disorders (Korsakoff's syndrome), complacently, high spirits and foolish behavior (psevdoparalitichesky syndrome). These disorders may be accompanied by epileptic seizures, and combined with the characteristic of poisoning by a toxic substance specific neurological and somatic disorders.

Sharp substance-induced psychosis or immediately after having hit the body poison (carbon monoxide, benzene), or after a latent period which lasts from a few hours to several days (tetraethyl antifreeze). Exodus with abortive forms of acute psychosis, is generally favorable. By minovanii acute psychosis can be psycho-organic disorders of varying severity and structure. In chronic poisoning, mental disorders are growing slowly and are manifested mainly psycho-organic syndrome. Upon the termination of the contact with a poisonous substance might like regredientnoe for mental disorders, and their further rise.

The treatment in the first hours after the poisoning is reduced to detoxification, in particular, to a massive plasmapheresis and compensation of disturbed functions. Psychotropic drugs should be used carefully, in small doses, mainly in the states of excitation (0.5-1 mL of a 2.5% solution of chlorpromazine or Tisercinum / m).

In protracted psychoses endoformnyh selection of psychotropic drugs is determined by the structure of the syndrome. When depressive states shown antidepressants (amitriptyline, imipramine, pirazidol) with manic-antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, Tisercinum, haloperidol). Hallucinatory-delusional state also require the appointment of neuroleptics (triftazin, haloperidol, leponeks). If necessary, medication can be combined.

An important role in the treatment of both acute and chronic toxic lesions of the brain play vitamins, especially B, as well as drugs, nootropics metabolic action (piracetam, Pyritinol, Pantogamum, Aminalon). When psychoorganic syndrome with prolonged course, and in the initial state shown in periodic courses dehydration therapy, vitamin therapy, treatment nootropics. To correct nevrozo- psihrpatopodobnyh disorders and recommended tranquilizers [hlozepida (elenium) sibazon (seduksen) nozepam (taeepam) Phenazepamum] and neuroleptics (sonapaks, Chlorprothixenum, eglonil, neuleptil).