Directory of Diseases (letter A)

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Abortion - termination of pregnancy in terms of up to 28 weeks, counting from the first day of the last menstruation. There are spontaneous and artificial abortion ... more

ABSSESS (syn: abscess, abscess) - a limited accumulation of pus in various tissues and organs. Abscesses can be localized in the skin, subcutaneous tissue, lungs, liver, kidneys, brain and other ... more

ABCESSES OF THE BRAIN - encapsulated accumulation of pus in the substance of the brain; Can arise through contact spread of infection, hematogenous metastasis from a distant source ... more

AGNOZIA - the loss of the ability to recognize while preserving the underlying recognition of simple perception processes. It arises as a result of lesions of certain areas of the cerebral cortex of the cerebral cortex ... more

AGRANULOCYTOSIS is a syndrome characterized by the complete or almost complete disappearance of granulocytes (granular leukocytes) from the blood. There are myelotoxic and immune agranulocytosis ... more

ADDISONOVA DISEASE - see Adrenal Insufficiency

ADENOVIRUS DISEASES (syn: adenovirus infection) - a group of infectious diseases caused by adenoviruses; Are characterized by symptoms of mucous membrane damage of the respiratory tract, eyes, intestines, and also lymphoid tissue ... more

ADENOIDS - pathological hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. The pharyngeal tonsil is located on the arch of the nasopharynx. It is well developed in childhood; Approximately from the age of 12 decreases in size ... more

ADENOMA is a benign tumor that develops from the epithelium of glandular organs. The adenoma is a rounded knot, clearly delimited from the surrounding tissue ... more

Adenoma of the prostate gland is a benign tumor of the prostate gland. In the origin of adenoma, dyshormonal disorders, prostatitis ... more

ADIPOSOGENITAL DISTROPHY - a combination of obesity and hypogonadism, caused by the defeat of the neuroendocrine system. As an independent disease, adiposogenital dystrophy usually develops in childhood ... more

ADNEXITH - (syn: salpingoophoritis) - inflammation of the uterine appendages (fallopian tubes and ovaries). Adnexitis is caused by streptococcus, staphylococcus, chlamydia, gonococcus, E. coli, mycobacterium tuberculosis ... more

ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME is a pathological condition caused by congenital virilizing dysfunction of the adrenal cortex, which is usually accompanied by a deficiency in the body of glucocorticoids and an excess of androgens ... more

AZOTEMY - excess content in the blood of some products of nitrogen metabolism: urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, etc. Azotemia is most often due to insufficiency of the excretory function of the kidneys ... more

ACALCULIA - a violation of the ability to recognize numbers and perform arithmetic operations with them (count). Occurs when certain parts of the cortex of the predominant (dominant) hemisphere of the brain are affected ... more

Acanthocephalus - helminthiases, the causative agents of which are Acanthocephala, or thymusheads. They are rare. Disorders of the function of the gastrointestinal tract occur with acanthocephalus ... more

AKKLIMATIZATSIYA - the process of adaptation of the human body to new climatogeographical conditions (mountainous terrain, hot or cold climate, etc.) ... more

ACCOMMODATION is a change in the refractive power of the eye, ensuring its ability to clearly see objects that are at different distances. The physiological mechanism of accommodation is that when the fibers of the ciliary muscle of the eye contract ... more

ACROMEGALIA is a neuroendocrinal disease caused by damage to the hypothalamus and / or pituitary gland and manifested by a pathological increase in the hands, feet, bones of the facial skeleton, proliferation of soft tissues, an increase in internal organs, thickening of the skin ... more

Actinomycosis is an infectious disease that occurs as a result of the introduction into the body of actinomycetes. Actinomycosis can affect all organs and tissues, but more often there is actinomycosis of the maxillofacial region and neck. Mostly sick men, mostly urban residents ... more

ALIENTARY DISTROPHY (syn: hungry disease, albuminous edema) - a disease of prolonged malnutrition, manifested by general exhaustion, edema, a disorder of all metabolic species, dystrophy of tissues and organs with a violation of their functions ... more

ALIMENTARY FEVER - increase in body temperature in newborns and infants, associated with loss of fluid, increased protein breakdown, as well as with a large protein load ... more

ALCOHOLISM - excessive consumption of alcohol, which has a detrimental effect on health, work, welfare and moral standards of society. In this regard, alcoholism is not only a medical, but also a social problem ... more

ALCOHOL ABSTENTION (alcohol withdrawal syndrome) is a symptomatic complex of somatic, neurological and psychopathological disorders in a patient with alcoholism, resulting from the sudden cessation of drinking ... more

ALCOHOLIC OBJECTION - in certain doses, alcohol relieves mental stress, improves mood, creating a feeling of relaxed and gay. These sensations, for which people consume alcoholic beverages, are temporary and with increasing dose ... more

ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS - the main factors leading to the occurrence of alcoholic psychoses are metabolic disorders caused by chronic (usually not less than 5 years) abuse of alcohol ... more

ALLERGY is an unusual (increased) sensitivity of the organism to the influence of certain environmental factors (chemicals, microorganisms and their products, food products, etc.), called allergens ... more

ALOPECIA - (syn: baldness, baldness) - diffuse (common) or limited hair loss. Distinguish congenital, nesting, premature, or presenilnuyu, and symptomatic alopecia ... more

ALVEOLAR ECHINOCOCCOSIS (syn: alveococcosis, multi-chamber echinococcosis) - helminthiasis from the group of dzenii, characterized by a predominant liver damage with the formation of parasitic nodes ... more

ALGOMENOREA - painful menstruation. The combination of painful menstruation with irregular menstruation is called algodismenosis. Algomenorea is a common disorder of menstrual function, observed in girls and young women ... more

AMEBIAZ is an invasive disease characterized by protracted course, ulcerative lesion of the colon and often the formation of abscesses in various organs (in the liver, lungs, kidneys, brain, skin, etc.) ... more

Amenorea - absence of menstruation for 6 months or more. Distinguish between physiological and pathological amenorrhea. Physiological amenorrhea is observed in childhood, during pregnancy, lactation, during the postmenopausal period ... more

Amyloidosis is a form of protein dystrophy, in which an abnormal protein - amyloid - is deposited (or formed) in organs and tissues. More common secondary amyloidosis, which develops in chronic diseases, accompanied by suppuration and (or) tissue decay ... more

AMNESIA - memory impairment; Can act as an isolated disorder (amnestic syndrome) or be combined with aphasia, apraxia, agnosia. Often, a complaint about memory impairment conceals other neuropsychiatric disorders ... more

ANAL CRACK (anus of anus) - a disease caused by a defect in the mucosa of the anus; Is manifested by intense pain in this area and periodic bleeding. It occurs as a result of damage to the mucosa of the anus ... more

ANAFILAXY is an immediate allergic reaction; Occurs when parenteral (bypassing the gastrointestinal tract) ingestion of an allergen into the body and often requires urgent care. Distinguish allergic reactions of the lungs and medium gravity ... more

ANAEROBIC INFECTION is an infectious process caused by anaerobes. It is characterized by rapidly emerging and progressive necrosis of tissues with the formation of gases in them and the absence of pronounced inflammatory phenomena ... more

ANGINA (syn: acute tonsillitis) is an acute infectious-allergic disease with a predominant lesion of palatine tonsils. The inflammatory process can be localized in other clusters of pharyngeal lymphoid tissue - in lingual, pharyngeal tonsils ... more

ANGIOMA is a benign tumor that develops from the vessels. Angioma from the blood vessels is called hemangioma, from the lymphatic vessels ... more

ANGIOSPASM - pathological narrowing of the lumen of the arteries of the muscular type due to their spasm, leading to a decrease in the blood supply of the corresponding organ or tissue, which in turn causes a violation of tissue metabolism ... more

ANEURYMS is an extension of the lumen of the artery due to stretching and protrusion of its wall (true aneurysm) or due to a blood-filled cavity lying in tissues outside the artery, but communicating with it through a hole in the vessel wall (false aneurysm) ... more

Aortic aneurysm - pathological local (saccular) protrusion of the wall or diffuse (circular, exceeding the diameter of the normal aorta in half) widening the aortic site. Localization distinguishes the aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva, the ascending department ... more

ANEURYMS OF THE HEART - a pathological local protrusion of the heart wall at the site of its thinning. In the overwhelming majority of cases, an aneurysm of the heart is formed in the apex of the left ventricle; Especially allocate the aneurysm of the interventricular septum ... more

ANEMIA (syn: anemia) - a group of various pathological conditions, which are based on a decrease in the content of hemoglobin and (or) erythrocytes in the blood. Distinguish between anemia due to blood loss (posthemorrhagic), increased destruction of erythrocytes ... more

ANISOCORIA - an inequality in the size of the pupils, which can be caused by eye damage, parasympathetic fibers innervating the muscle, narrowing pupil, or sympathetic fibers innervating the muscle, dilating the pupil ... more

ANKILOZ - complete absence of movements in the joint as a result of the fusion of the articular ends of the articulating bones. It can occur as a result of damage to the joints, prolonged immobilization of the limb, as well as an infectious, destructive or sometimes dystrophic process ... more

ANKILOSEROUSHCHY SPONDILIT - see Bechterew disease

ANKILOSTOMIDOZY - helminthiases caused by ankilostomids; Distinguish ankylostomiasis (causative agent - hookworm) and non-carotid (causative agent - nectar). Both helminthiases have a similar clinical picture ... more

ANOVULATORY CYCLE - menstrual cycle, characterized by the absence of ovulation in the presence of a preserved rhythm (after 24 to 28 days) of menstrual bleeding. In this case, one or more follicles reach the stage of maturity ... more

ANOREXIA - lack of appetite in the presence of a physiological need for nutrition. The causes of anorexia are excessive emotional arousal, mental illnesses, endocrine disorders, acute and chronic infections ... more

ANOSMIA - lack of smell. It happens due to the damage of receptors and conductive pathways of the olfactory analyzer in the case of a lake, chronic purulent sinusitis, neuritis of an olfactory nerve of an infectious origin, poisoning with nicotine, morphine, atropine ... more

ANTENATAL PATHOLOGY - a violation of normal intrauterine development that occurs from the moment of the formation of a fertilized ovum (zygote) before the onset of labor as a result of exposure to harmful factors; To antenatal also include pathology ... more

ANURIA - absence of urination due to the complete cessation of urine in the bladder (in contrast to the acute retention of urination, when the bladder is congested on the contrary) ... more

Aortitis - inflammation of the aortic wall of an infectious or allergic (autoimmune) nature. It is observed with syphilis, sepsis (especially streptococcal), tuberculosis, rheumatism, etc. It is characterized by the expansion of the affected area of ​​the vessel ... more

Aortoarteriitis Nonspecific - (syn: disease of lack of pulse, Takayasu's disease) - autoimmune inflammation of the thoracic aorta and large arteries leaving it, leading to a narrowing of the lumen of the affected vessels and to the restriction of blood supply to organs ... more

Apiaxia of the ovary (syn: rupture of the ovary) - a sudden onset of hemorrhage in the ovary, accompanied by a violation of its integrity and bleeding into the abdominal cavity ... more

APPENDICITE is an inflammation of the appendectomy of the cecum, the most common disease among acute diseases of the abdominal cavity. It accounts for up to 70% of cases of an acute abdomen ... more

ARAHNOIDITI - limited inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the brain and spinal cord. It can be a complication of many infectious diseases, develop with inflammatory processes in the paranasal sinuses, the middle ear, with craniocerebral trauma ... more

ARITHMIA - heart rhythm disturbances. They can complicate the course of such serious diseases as myocardial infarction, cardiosclerosis, acute myocarditis, valvular rheumatic heart disease. There are the following basic disturbances of rhythm and conduction ... more

ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION - characterized by a persistent increase in blood pressure above the boundaries of the physiological norm (140/90 mm Hg). In the vast majority of cases, the cause of the increase in blood pressure can not be established, while they speak of essential hypertension ... more

ARTHRITIS - inflammation of the joint. Inflammatory changes occur primarily in the internal, synovial membrane of the joint. Develops synovitis, while in the joint cavity often accumulates an inflammatory effusion - exudate ... more

ARTHROSIS (syn: osteoarthrosis, deforming osteoarthrosis) is a joint disease, which is based on dystrophic changes of the articular cartilage. There are primary and secondary arthrosis ... more

ASKARIDOZ - helminthiasis from the group of nematodes, characterized by a primary lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. Ascaridosis is common everywhere, except for arctic regions. The causative agent is ascaris ... more

Aspergillosis is a disease caused by mold fungi of the genus Aspergillus and characterized by the defeat of various organs, more often the bronchopulmonary system. It is rare. Some species contain endotoxin ... more

ASPIRATION - penetration into the lower respiratory tract with an air current on the inhalation of various foreign bodies or liquids; Is possible with coughing, dyspnea, in persons in a state of intoxication, with paresis of the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, gastrointestinal tract ... more

Asthenic syndrome is a symptom complex characterized by irritability, weakness, increased fatigue and unstable mood. Patients are very sensitive and impressionable, because of trivia they lose their composure ... read more

ASYGMATISM - distortion of the visual image, caused by the different refractive power of individual elements of the eye as an optical system. When astigmatism on the retina is not created a clear image of the subject ... more

ASTMA - a state of suffocation. Usually asthma refers to asphyxia, which occurs paroxysmally due to the increase in heart failure or as a manifestation of an independent disease - bronchial asthma ... more

Asphyxia is a state of increasing suffocation, leading to a lack of oxygen in the blood and tissues (hypoxia) and to the accumulation of carbon dioxide (hypercapnia) in them. The main causes of asphyxia ... more

Newborn's asymmetry is a complex of changes in the body of a newborn that develops under the influence of oxygen deficiency, resulting from a violation of breathing. Depending on the cause, the following types of asphyxiation can be distinguished ... more

ASTSIT - accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. The most common cause of ascites is increased pressure in the portal vein system (portal hypertension), which leads to liver disease (cirrhosis, chronic active or alcoholic hepatitis) ... more

ATAXIA - a violation of coordination of movements, usually causing a violation of walking and balance (statics), but not associated with paralysis. Allocate sensitive, vestibular, cerebellar, frontal and psychogenic ataxia. Sensitive ataxia is caused by ... more

ATELECTRAS OF THE EYE is the pathological condition of the entire lung, its lobe or segment, in which, due to a violation of ventilation, the alveoli become airless and fall off. The causes of atelectasis are bronchial obstruction or compression of the lung ... more

Atheroma - retention (caused by delayed discharge) of the sebaceous gland cyst of the skin. It develops on the skin areas rich in the sebaceous glands (scalp, face) due to blockage of the excretory duct of the gland with a thickened discharge ... more

Atherosclerosis is a common chronic disease characterized by lipid infiltration of the inner aortic membrane, large and medium-sized arteries, and the growth of connective tissue in their walls. When atherosclerosis narrows ... more

ATRESIA - congenital absence of a natural opening, for example an anal, or lumen of a vessel (aorta, pulmonary trunk) or an organ (vagina, ureter, etc.). Sometimes the term is used to refer to the infection of the lumen of the organ ... more

ATROPHY - reduction of the volume and mass of the organ or tissue, accompanied by a weakening of their function or its cessation. With atrophy, the size and number of parenchymal cells decrease. Distinguish physiological and pathological atrophy ... more

AUTISM is a state of immersion in the world of inner experiences with a departure from reality, closeness, poverty of expression of emotions, loss of emotional contact with others. It is observed mainly in schizophrenia; Light ... more

AUTOINTOXICATION - self -poisoning of the body with poisonous substances, which are produced by it for some violations of normal life activity or accumulate in various diseases. Retention autointoxication occurs when ... more

AUTOINFECTION - (syn: autogenous infection, endogenous infection) - diseases caused by opportunistic autoflora, which is activated in conditions unfavorable for the body. The causative agents of autoinfection are microorganisms ... more

AFAZIA is a speech disorder caused by damage to the speech areas of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres or their conducting paths, while the function of the speech apparatus is preserved (tongue, soft palate, lips, larynx). It occurs with hemorrhages in the brain ... more

AFIBRINOGENEMIA is a hereditary disease caused by the absence of fibrinogen in the blood plasma. With coagulation, coagulation does not occur. This occurs when the blood plasma content is less than 0.5 g / l (50 mg / 100 ml) of fibrinogen ... more

AFONIA - the absence of a sonorous voice with a preserved whispered speech. Distinguish functional (hysterical, or psychogenic), true (organic, or guttural) and paralytic aphonia. Functional aphonia develops ... more

AFTs are small, round or oval ulcers appearing on the mucous membrane of the mouth (less often on the mucous membranes of other organs). More often aphthae are a manifestation of aphthous acute or chronic herpetic stomatitis, and also ... more

AXALASIA OF CARDIO - see Cardiospasm

AHILIA - There are gastric and pancreatic Achilias. Gastric Achilles is a pathological condition in which hydrochloric acid and enzymes are absent in gastric juice. By origin, gastric Achilles can be ... more

Acidosis - a violation of the acid-base state of the body, characterized by an absolute or relative excess of acids and a decrease in pH. Acidosis can be compensated or uncompensated depending on pH ... more

AEROPHAGIA - ingestion of excess air and associated eructations. A small amount of air is swallowed normally in the process of eating and drinking. More often, aerophagy is a manifestation of neurosis, but it can also occur in connection with diseases ... more