ASPIRATION
ASPIRATION - penetration into the lower respiratory tract with an air current on the inhalation of various foreign bodies or liquids; Possible with coughing, dyspnea, in persons in a state of intoxication, with paresis of the muscles of the pharynx, larynx, gastrointestinal tract. It manifests itself with a sharp cough, acute emergence of expiratory dyspnea, sometimes with suffocation and loss of consciousness. Aspiration is also possible in healthy individuals, but under their protective mechanisms aspirated material is removed without consequences. In patients who are in a coma, during general anesthesia or when suppressing the laryngeal reflexes, aspiration of acidic gastric contents (Mendelssohn syndrome) is possible; Due to a burn of the mucous membrane of the gastric juice and an increase in the permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes, bronchial laryngospasm , pulmonary edema, and subsequently chemical pneumonitis develop.
Emergency care consists in cleaning the oral cavity, removing (aspiration from the trachea) aspirated material, carrying out oxygen therapy, bronchospasm medication (euphyllin, glucocorticosteroids), and pulmonary edema; If necessary, the doctor intubates the trachea.
The term "aspiration" is also used to describe the procedure for aspiration of contents from various cavities - aspiration drainage.
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