ATROPHY
ATROPHY - reduction of the volume and mass of the organ or tissue, accompanied by a weakening of their function or its cessation. With atrophy, the size and number of parenchymal cells decrease.
Distinguish physiological and pathological atrophy. Physiological refers to atrophy of the thymus gland in adults, atrophy of the gonads, bones, muscles, skin, internal organs in old age. Pathological atrophy occurs when there is insufficient intake of nutrients (for example, during starvation) or nutritional deficiencies caused by various diseases (gastric cancer, some infectious diseases, endocrine gland disorders). Pathological atrophy of an organ can be associated with a violation of its innervation, for example, as a result of damage to the corresponding nerves, neuritis, etc. - neurogenic atrophy. Atrophy of the organ also occurs in connection with circulatory disorders, exposure to ionizing radiation or toxic substances, mechanical pressure. Pathological atrophy can be accompanied by sclerosis of the organ or tissue.
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