PARODONTITIS

Parodontitis is a disease of the periodontal tissues, accompanied by the destruction of periodontal and bone tissue of the alveolar process. The process is characterized by reactive gingival inflammation (gingivitis) with the appearance of dentogingival pockets, suppuration, loosening of teeth, atrophy of the alveolar process due to bone resorption. The process is chronic, it develops slowly.

There are three stages of periodontitis. In the first stage, patients may be disturbed by discomfort in the gums, bleeding, itching, and sensitivity disorder.

The main symptoms in stage II are bleeding gums and gingivitis. Gums loosened, there are dentogingival pockets, where abscesses can develop. Bone tissue of the interdental and inter-root septa is resorbed, which is clearly defined on the roentgenogram in the form of dilatation of the cortical layer of bone at the tops of the septa. The destructive process leads to the mobility of the tooth. There are painful sensations when nibbling.

In the III stage, atrophy of the gums and alveolar process is observed, which entails exposing the necks of the teeth and their progressive mobility. The functional capacity of the teeth is sharply reduced, and the mechanical load during chewing aggravates the course of the process and promotes more loosening of the teeth, an increase in the gingival pockets. There are periodic exacerbations, pain increases, abscesses develop. On the roentgenogram, there is almost complete atrophy of the alveolar process. The outcome of the disease can be an independent loss of teeth.

Often there are complications in the form of retrograde pulpitis, periostitis, regional lymphadenitis.

Treatment includes local and general activities. Local treatment is aimed at excluding factors contributing to the development of the pathological process; It is carried out by a dentist or periodontist (tartar removal, washing of the gingival pockets with solutions of antiseptics, gum massage, physiotherapy, etc.).