contusion

Bruising - mechanical soft tissue injuries with no apparent violations of the skin intact. It arises when struck with a blunt object or a fall from a low height on a flat surface. When injuries usually arises gross anatomic damage to tissue or organs. Injuries may be part of the healing such wounds are called bruised. Injuries also occur in closed bone fractures resulting from a direct blow (eg, the so-called bumper fractures).

When injuries are usually damaged small blood vessels, resulting in a developed interstitial hemorrhage. Its extent and prevalence depend on the area of ​​injury, the kinetic energy and the area of ​​traumatic object. So, with small bumps on the power in the hips, buttocks, back, rich soft tissue injuries appear limited, often with no external manifestations and clinical symptoms. With injuries of the joints may damage the blood vessels of the capsule, which is accompanied by bleeding into the joint cavity. Hemorrhage into soft tissue results in their impregnation with blood. In the case of an oblique impact direction is possible detachment of the skin and subcutaneous tissue with the formation of hematomas. Hematoma with large cavities may further osumkovyvatsya with the outcome of traumatic cyst filled with hemolyzed blood. In rare cases, hematoma calcify, for example after bleeding in the thick of the quadriceps femoris. In areas, where the large blood vessels (femoral, brachial artery), sometimes there are injuries or tears of the vessel walls and their subsequent thrombosis. As a result of soft tissue necrosis possible. When bruises area where the peripheral nerves (often the ulnar, radial and fibula) are located close to the bone, symptoms of loss of function. Typically sensory and motor disturbances pass quickly, but sometimes when vnutristvolovyh hemorrhage or hematoma compression of stored a long time.

Clinical signs of soft tissue injuries of limbs or trunk, which occur most frequently are pain at the site of application of force and traumatic swelling. After some time (the period depends on the depth of hemorrhage) on the skin appears bruised. According to its size can not accurately judge the strength or character of the strike. So, with deep bruises or increased vascular fragility (in hypovitaminosis C, in the elderly) having extensive bruising, sloping down towards the place by gravity injury. The color of the bruise is an important criterion for determining the limitation of injury.

Treatment of soft tissue injuries during the first day is the local application of cold for the purpose of hemostasis, reducing pain and swelling reaction. For this purpose, can be applied to the affected area with ice bubble bottle with cold water, etc. In the area of ​​limb injury impose a pressure bandage. Extensive injuries of limbs must be differentiated from fractures and dislocations. In these cases, impose a transport bus and the victim taken to the surgical ward. With 2 x 3-day to accelerate resorption of hemorrhages appoint a hot compress, a warm heating pad, a warm bath, UHF-therapy. Somewhat later use massage and physical therapy for the prevention of contractures, especially in the large joints injuries or periarticular areas. In the case of the formation of subcutaneous hematoma at hemarthrosis shows a puncture and removal of blood.

With injuries of the abdomen and the lumbar area can damage of parenchymal organs - liver breaks, spleen, kidneys.

With a significant impact on the power on the chest can damage the soft tissue and lung. Clinical signs of lung injuries are pain while breathing, limitation of chest excursion. Characteristically shortening of percussion sounds and the weakening of breathing in the injury zone.

Often closed chest injuries occur heart injuries (for example, impact-feeding driver against the steering wheel car). Victims complain of pain in the heart, there is often a collapse . To clarify the diagnosis and produce electrocardiographic ehokardio-graphic research.

If you suspect an injury of the abdomen, chest or heart shows emergency hospitalization in the surgical department.