CYSTITIS

CYSTITIS - inflammation of the bladder.

Contributing factors to the development of cystitis are the trauma of its mucosa, stagnation of blood in the pelvic veins, hormonal disorders, beriberi, hypothermia, and others. Of great importance is a violation of urodynamics, including shortness or incomplete emptying of the bladder, leading to a breach of the detrusor tone, stagnation or decomposition of urine.

The classic triad of symptoms of acute cystitis: dysuria, terminal hematuria , pyuria. In hemorrhagic cystitis leading symptom is gross hematuria. For chronic cystitis characterized by: a constant or intermittent dysuria, pollakiuria (frequent urination), not depending on the time of day, periodic exacerbation of the disease, pain and feeling of heaviness above the vagina, worse when the bladder is full and reaches its maximum intensity at the end of urination. Frequent urgency to urinate, sometimes false incontinence (the so-called withhold), dull pain, exhausting the patient. The most persistent current differs interstitial cystitis, painful urination in which quickens to 40-50 times a day, followed by tenesmus, sometimes pain in the perineum and suprapubic region.

Children highlighted some features of occurrence and course of cystitis. So, the boys rarely acute cystitis in the absence of any anatomical urinary tract changes, predisposing them to infection (or stenosis of the external opening of the urethral valve, a congenital bladder neck sclerosis). Girls cystitis often involves a violation of personal hygiene. Diseases in children are accompanied by involuntary urination, including in bed at night, sometimes - involuntary discharge of feces.

Diagnosis of cystitis is based on data from medical history, clinical manifestations and laboratory examination of urine. A major role in the recognition of a cystoscopy. In acute cystitis, it is contraindicated; with the exception of hemorrhagic cystitis in which the urgent need to clarify the nature of hematuria.

Treatment. In acute cystitis recommend rest, sparing diet, drinking plenty of fluids (up to 2-2.5 liters of fluid per day); Avoid body hypothermia, watch out for regular bowel function, eliminate sexual intercourse. When expressed pain prescribe rectal or vaginal suppositories with analgesics. Antibiotic therapy is based on antibiogram, to obtain a prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics, nitrofurans, antihistamines. In the treatment of chronic cystitis the important place occupied by the identification and remediation of sites of infection in women - treatment of gynecological diseases and vaginal infections. Anti-inflammatory therapy of chronic cystitis is suitable for 3 - 4 weeks (for antibiotikogramme), then for a long time (3 - 6 months) prescribed Bactrim or nitrofurans. It is necessary to carry out a monthly urine culture, especially in the first 6 months after discontinuation of the drug. Identification of infection is an indication for a repeated course of anti-inflammatory therapy.

In interstitial cystitis prescribe physiotherapy - ultrasound therapy, diathermy, electrophoresis with novocaine solution, gangleron and enzymes, electrical stimulation of the bladder.

Spa treatment is recommended for primary chronic cystitis; in secondary - given the nature of the underlying disease.