SCABIES

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

CHOSOTKA - a parasitic disease of the skin, caused by a tick from the group of itchy itch. In recent years, it is common in Russia.

The causative agent is Sarcoptes scabiei; The cycle of its development (from egg to adult) is 10-14 days. Life expectancy of female mites is about 2 months. Only she takes part in the development of the pathological process with scabies. The male, fertilizing the female on the surface of the human skin, soon dies. The fertilized female buries into the stratum corneum of the epidermis, where, slowly moving parallel to the surface of the skin, she pushes the itch moves in which she lays her eggs. Later, larvae develop from them. Emerging on the surface of the skin, the larvae penetrate into the mouth of the hair follicles and under the scales of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, where their maturation takes place. The mites and their larvae do not tolerate boiling and the ambient temperature is below 0 °; A 3% solution of carbolic acid has a pronounced acaricidal effect.

Infection occurs in close contact with a patient with scabies or things and objects that were in use (bed linen, clothes, towels, washcloth, books, gloves, money, etc.); Possible infection during sexual intercourse; You can get infected in a bath, shower, hostel, hotel, as well as in transport if the sanitation regime is not complied with. Promotes the spread of scabies overcrowding and inadequate hygienic skills of the population.

The incubation period is from 1 to 6 weeks. The first clinical symptom of the disease is itching, which intensifies at night (the period of the greatest activity of the tick). It affects mainly areas of the body with thin skin, subjected to friction, such as interdigital folds of hands, the lateral surface of the palms, the flexion surface of the wrist joints, the anterior wall of the axillary hollows, the scrotum, the head and the posterior surface of the penis, around the nipples of the mammary glands in women; Area of ​​the navel and buttocks, especially the gluteal folds; Extensor surface of elbow joints. Children also are affected by the lateral surface of the feet near the ankles, heels and soles. At the height of the development of the disease in adults, the front surface of the body is characterized, beginning with the axilla and up to the middle of the thighs; While the face, neck, back are not affected (in infants they are often involved in the process). In these places, itching is found with itch movements that look like grayish winding ridges, lines 3-5 mm in length, or pink strips - scratches, one of which can detect an off-white point (female) or a blister with serous contents; Small, often paired papuleveziculosis eruptions, crusts, linear combs are also visible. Often, scabies complicated by folliculitis, boils, eczematized.

Diagnosis is established on the basis of clinical data and detection of ticks. To identify itching strokes, use an aniline dye solution or an alcohol solution of iodine; After applying them to the skin, itching strokes are more clearly visible. To detect scabies on the affected skin, a 10% alkali solution is applied for 2 minutes, then the macerated epidermis flakes are scraped with a scalpel onto a slide in a drop of water and examined under a microscope.

Treatment is usually performed by an outpatient dermatologist. With complicated scabies, preliminary treatment of complications is necessary. Before the treatment of uncomplicated scabies the patient is washed. Apply a 20% suspension of benzyl benzoate, sulfuric ointment (20% for adults, 5 - 10% for children). Accelerated method of treatment of uncomplicated scabies is the method of Demjanovich: the patient rubs into the foci of the lesion a 60% solution of sodium thiosulfate for 10 minutes, then repeats the procedure 2 times, then 3 - 4 times rubs a 6% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. After

1 hour after rubbing the patient puts on clean clothes and after 3 days washed. If necessary, repeat the procedure. Control examinations of the cured are carried out every 10 days for 1.5 months.

Prevention is to comply with the rules of personal and public hygiene, possibly early detection and treatment of patients with scabies, examination of persons who were in contact with the patient (every 10 days for 1.5 months). In the epidemic focus it is necessary to disinfect bed and underwear, towels in a 1-2% solution of soda or detergent for 10 minutes. The outer clothing on both sides, including pockets, is steamed with a hot iron. Coats, coats, leather products can be disinfected outdoors for 5 days. Current disinfection is performed daily

2 times: wet cleaning of floors and rubbing furniture with hot 1-2% soap / soda solution.