INTRANSPECIAL INFECTIONS

INTRA-INFECTIOUS INFECTIONS (syn: nosocomial infections) - infectious diseases and wound infections that joined the hospital for the main disease, as well as medical workers' diseases that have arisen in connection with the treatment and care of infectious patients. The source of pathogens of nosocomial infections can be patients hospitalized in the incubation period of infectious disease, patients with mixed infectious diseases, who have recovered from the infectious disease (if the necessary term of isolation is not observed), carriers of pathogenic microbes, both among patients and among staff, patients.

The emergence of nosocomial infections is associated with the untimely detection and isolation of infectious patients in the hospital, the underestimation of the importance of the epidemiological history of previously transmitted infectious diseases in patients entering the hospital, the inadequate distribution of patients in the wards, the failure to observe carriers of infectious diseases among patients and staff, And final disinfection, aseptic and antiseptic, unsatisfactory sanitary treatment of patients, etc. The development of nosocomial infections is facilitated by a decrease in the resistance of the organism under the influence of the underlying disease, surgical intervention, blood loss, and the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains of microbes, treatment with immunosuppressants,

The etiological factors of nosocomial infection most often are staphylococci, intestinal, pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella, etc.

The following nosological forms of nosocomial infection are subject to registration: generalized forms (sepsis, osteomyelitis of meningitis); Diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue (pyoderma, abscess, phlegmon); Omphalitis, conjunctivitis, endometritis, urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia, acute intestinal infections (gastroenteritis, colitis); Wounded postoperative infection; Postinjection complications; Other infectious diseases (rubella, measles, viral hepatitis, HIV infection, etc.).

An important role in the prevention of these infections belongs to the observance of anti-epidemic and sanitary-preventive measures in medical institutions. Transportation of infectious patients should be carried out by special transport individually. When taking a patient to a medical institution, it is necessary to collect exhaustive information about the previously transmitted infectious diseases, to find out whether he communicated with infectious patients. This is necessary to identify people who need to conduct a laboratory study of feces, urine, sputum, blood, smear from the throat, etc. to isolate the causative agents of a contagious disease. Admission to hospital for patients with suspected infectious disease or who were in contact with infectious patients is carried out in the boxes of the admission department.

In the hospital, early detection of a contagious disease that has joined the underlying disease should be ensured, isolation of the ill, carrying out the necessary anti-epidemic measures, for example the examination of personnel and other patients who were in contact with the sick with carriers of infectious agents; If necessary, an observation is organized, quarantine is established.

In case of epidemiological trouble in the village (area), especially with regard to airborne infections, visits to patients are prohibited. Reducing the incidence of nosocomial infections is facilitated by regular airing of wards, air disinfection with bactericidal lamps, cleaning with the use of disinfectants, wearing medical masks.