Keyboard shortcuts in Mac OS X

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I think this topic will be interesting and useful for many Mac users. Key keyboard shortcuts in Mac OS X:
⌘, ⌥, ⇧ and . What do they mean these icons / symbols?
- Command or Apple key,
- Option or Alt,
- Shift,
- Backspace or Return

Capture pictures from the screen (screenshot)
⌘ + ⇧ + 3 - Snapshot in jpeg format is saved on the desktop.
⌘ + ⇧ + 4 - Snapshot of a part of the screen.
⌘ + ⇧ + 4 + Space bar - Snapshot of one / active window.

Capture pictures from the screen (screenshot) with saving to the clipboard (clipboard)
⌘ + ⇧ + 3 + Ctrl - Capture to clipboard
⌘ + ⇧ + 4 + Mouse movement + Ctrl - Capture part of the screen to the clipboard
⇧ ⇧ 4 + Space + Ctrl Capture the window (camera effect)

Doc / Switching Programs
⌘ + ⌥ + D - Hide / Show Dock
⌘ + Tab - Switch between programs
⌘ + `- Open the current program settings
⌥ + Click on the program icon in the dock - Toggles the program, hides the previous one
⌘ + Click on the program icon in the dock - Toggles the program, hides all the others
Ctrl + ⌥ + ⌘ + 8 - Turn on / off monochrome mode

Finder
⌥ + Move with mouse (file) - A copy is made, even if the file is in the same folder / on the same volume
⌘ + Move the mouse (file) - Move the file, even if you move to another volume
⌘ + ⌥ + Move the mouse (file, program) - Create a shortcut in a new location
⌘ + A - Select All
⌘ + D - Copy
⌘ + C - Copy to clipboard
⌘ + L - Create Shortcut
⌘ + R - show original
⌘ + O - Open content
⌘ + ↓ - View content
⌘ + S - Save
⌘ + V - Paste
⌘ + Z - Undo the last action
⌘ + ⇧ + S - Save with the indication where
⌘ + N - Open a new Finder window
⌘ + ⇧ + N - Create new folder
⌘ + Q - Shut down the program
⌘ + W - Close window
⌘ + ⌥ + W - Close all windows
⌘ + I - Get information about the file / object
⌘ + ⌥ + I - Get information about a file / object, this command differs from the previous one if you have selected more than one object and want to see the information in one window.
⌘ + P - Type
⌘ + T - Add bookmark
⌘ + Delete - Delete to trash
⌘ + E - Extract DVD / CD
⌘ + F - Search (In VLC programs, QuickTime activates full-screen mode)
Tab - Go to the next line, file, etc.
⌘ + ↑ - Skip to the next directory, volume (up)
⌘ + [- Go back ⌘ +] Forward
⌘ + ⇧ + A - Open the Programs folder
⌘ + ⇧ + U - Open the Tools folder
⌘ + ⇧ + H - Open the "home" folder of the user
⌘ + ⇧ + K - Go to "Network"
⌘ + K - Connect to server
⌘ + ⇧ + G - Go to the folder (it is necessary to write the full name)
⌘ + ⇧ + ⌫ - Empty Trash
⌘ + ⇧ + ⌥ + ⌫ - Empty the recycle bin without any warnings and the "garbage"
⌘ + H - Hide window / program
⌘ + ⌥ + H - Hide other windows / applications

Spotlight
⌘ + Spacebar - Activates the Spotlight search engine
⌘ + ⌥ + Spacebar - Activates the Spotlight search box
⌘ + ↓ / ↑ - Move up / down volumes / folders (up and down arrows)

Editing text (in programs TextEdit, Mail and others)
⌥ + ← - Move one word to the left
⌥ + → - Move one word to the right
Control + A - Back to the beginning of the offer
Control + E - Go to the end
⌘ + ← - Go to the beginning of the line
⌘ + → - Go to the end of the line
⌘ + ⌥ + T - Open the window with symbols
⌘ + ↑ - Move / go to the beginning of the document
⌘ + ↓ - Move / go to the end of the document
While holding down the shift (⇧) button, clicking on the up / down arrow ↑ ↓ text selects the appropriate
⌥ + ⌫ - Delete the word
⌥ + up / down ↑ ↓ - Scrolling up / down

Other system
⌥ + Volume less / more Opens the sound settings
Control + ⇧ + Eject - Turns off the display
⌥ + Brightness less / greater - Opens display settings

Shutdown / Log off
Press the main button to turn on / off - light touch The computer goes into sleep mode
Press the main button to turn on / off - hold for 10 seconds Forced shutdown of the computer
Ctrl + Eject - The Restart window appears, Sleep Mode, Disable
⌘ + Ctrl + Eject - Shut down all applications and reboot the computer (forced)
⌘ + ⌥ + ctrl + eject - Shutdown all applications and restart the computer (with warning)
⌘ + ⌥ + Eject - Sleep mode
⌘ + ⌥ + Esc - Opens the forced shutdown window
⌘ +. (Point) - End the process (for example: ends the work of showing the movie in VLC pleura, without turning off the player)
⌘ + Ctrl + power - Instant computer overload (it is desirable to use only when the system hangs)
Sign Out
⌘ + ⇧ + Q - Log off (Apple Menu )
⌘ + ⇧ + ⌥ + Q - Logout, immediately

When the computer starts up
Shift - Safe Boot Safe Mode - Press shift immediately after the boot melody
⌘ + V - The computer boots in Verbose mode
⌘ + S - Computer by loading in command mode (terms)
X - Forced Boot in Mac OS X
⌘ + ⌥ + ⇧ + ⌫ - The computer will "skip" the main OS, boot from an external volume or DVD
C - Booting from system CD
D - Download from the new partition
N - Boot from NetBoot (from network)
T - Load in FireWire Target mode, connect two computers via a FireWire cable, hold T when loading.
Option - Select the boot volume
⌘ + ⌥ + P + R - PRAM Reset - Reset PRAM settings
⌘ + ⌥ + O + F - Access to Open Firmware
⌘ + E - CD / DVD ejection