Kabyshev A.V., Obukhov S.G. Calculation and design of power supply systems: Reference materials on electrical equipment: Proc. Allowance / tom. Polytechnical. Un-t. - Tomsk, 2005. - 168 p.
The handbook presents materials necessary for the design of power supply systems for industrial enterprises: the determination of electrical loads, the selection of transformers and electrical apparatuses with voltages up to and above 1000 V, and their main technical characteristics. The electric equipment which is now widely used in networks of industrial power supply, as well as information on new and modernized equipment, on possible replacements of obsolete modifications to new ones produced by enterprises of the Russian Federation is given.
INTRODUCTION
The proposed training manual is intended for students of electrical and electromechanical specialties. It includes extensive background material on the design of power supply facilities, which is necessary for the fulfillment of individual tasks, course and final qualification works. The manual contains nine sections and covers design issues of in-plant and workshop power supply systems, reactive power compensation in general-purpose electrical networks. In addition to the reference material, it gives recommendations on the calculation of guild electrical networks with voltages up to 1000 V and high voltage distribution and cable lines, instructions for the selection of transformers, switching and protective equipment, a method for calculating short circuit currents and checking the selected equipment for resistance to their action.
The first part of the manual contains reference material on electrical equipment for power supply systems for industrial enterprises.
The first section presents schedules of loads of enterprises in some industries and methods for determining design loads at various levels of power supply systems for facilities. The features of calculation of power electric loads by the method of the ordered diagrams of indicators of load curves are briefly reflected. Reference data for calculation of lighting loads are given.
The second section is devoted to the selection of schemes and designs of the shop networks, the way of sewage of electric energy and the type of conductors taking into account the technology of production and environmental conditions. The technical characteristics of wires, cables and complete busbars, instructions for their selection and application are given.
In the third section, information on the long-term current loads of wires, buses and cables is systematized; Information on correction factors for the conditions of laying and congestion of conductors.
The fourth section includes materials on electrical equipment with a voltage of up to 1000 V, which is currently widely used in industrial power supply networks, as well as information on new and modernized equipment, on possible replacement of obsolete modifications with new ones.
Information on the technical characteristics of high-voltage equipment of power supply systems and on possible replacement of apparatuses is presented in the fifth section of the manual.
The availability of this benefit does not relieve students of the need to use other normative and technical documentation when detailed study of certain issues of designing electrical installations.
The variety of conditions that need to be taken into account when designing the power supply of objects in various industries does not allow in some cases to give unambiguous recommendations on certain issues. They should be solved by careful analysis of specific requirements for electricity supply to the production or industry. Therefore, the recommendations given in the manual should not be considered as the only possible ones. In some cases, deviations from them that result from the experience of designing in a particular industry and the specific operation of the objects are possible and inevitable.
Since the manual is intended for educational purposes, it is not possible everywhere to make references to primary sources. In general, the reference material is borrowed from [1-7], as well as from the reference book "News of Electrical Engineering" (www.news.elteh.ru). On issues that are only partially described, the text refers to the relevant literature.
The materials of the reference book can be used both at the stage of designing the power supply of facilities and installations, and when working out the questions of optimizing developing networks and power supply systems, increasing the reliability, safety and economy of their operation.
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
3 1. ELECTRICAL LOADS OF INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
1.1. Calculation methods
1.2. Demand, use and maximum factors
1.3. Lighting load
1.4. Graphs of electrical loads
1.5. Indicators characterizing the load graphs
2. INTERNAL ELECTRICAL NETWORKS
2.1. General classification of environments and premises
2.2. Electric wiring
2.3. Cable Lines
2.4. Complete busbars
3. CURRENT LOAD LOADS, TIRES AND CABLES
3.1. Long-term current loads on non-insulated wires and busbars
3.2. Long-term current loads for cables and wires with rubber and plastic insulation
3.3. Continuously permissible current loads on power cables with paper impregnated insulation
3.4. Overload capacity of cable lines
3.5. Correction factors for ambient temperature
3.6. Economic density of current
4. ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT OF THE COMMERCIAL ELECTRIC NETWORKS
4.1. Complete transformer substations with voltage 6/10 kV
4.2. Complete switchgear with voltage up to 1000 V
4.3. Switching and protective devices with voltage up to 1000 V
4.3.1. Circuit breakers
4.3.2. Automatic switches
4.3.3. Contactors and magnetic starters
4.4. Current transformers, low-voltage
5. HIGH-VOLTAGE EQUIPMENT OF POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
5.1. Power Transformers
5.2. High Voltage Switches
5.3. Load Switch
5.4. Fuses with a voltage of 6/10 kV
5.5. Disconnectors
5.6. Short-circuiting switches
5.7. Separators
5.8. Overvoltage arresters
5.9. Arresters
5.10. High-voltage contactors
5.11. Voltage transformers
5.12. Current transformers
5.13. Current-limiting reactors
LITERATURE
1. Guide to the design of power supply / Ed. SOUTH. Barybin, etc.-M .: Energoatomizdat, 1991. - 406s. (Electrical installations of industrial enterprises / Edited by Yu.N. Tishchenko, etc.)
2. Handbook of electricity and electrical equipment: In 2 tons / Under the general ed. A.A. Fedorov. T.1: Power supply. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1986. - 568p.
3. A guide to electricity and electrical equipment: In 2 tons / Under the general ed. A.A. Fedorov. T.2: Electrical equipment. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1987. - 486s.
4. Grigoryev VV, Kireeva E.A. Reference materials on electrical equipment for power supply systems for industrial enterprises. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 2002. - 142s.
5. Neklepaev BN, Kryuchkov I.P. Electric part of power plants and substations / Reference materials for course and diploma design. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1989. - 608p.
6. Belosov NI, Sahakyan AE, Yakovleva AI Electrical cables, wires and cords / Reference. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1988. - 536s.
7. Rules for the installation of electrical installations / Ministry of Fuel and Energy of the Russian Federation. -6th ed. -M .: Glavgosenergonadzor of Russia, 1998. - 607s.
8. Sokolov BA, Sokolova NB Installation of electrical installations. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1991. - 592p.
9. Handbook on the design of electrical networks and electrical equipment / Ed. IN AND. Krupovich, Yu.G. Barybina, M.L. Samover. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1981. - 408p.
10. Apparatus of switchgears of low voltage: Reference / ch.I. Issue. 1 and 2. Automatic circuit breakers up to and above 630 A. -M .: Patent, 1992. - 308s.
11. Konovalova LL, Rozhkova L.D. Power supply of industrial enterprises and installations. -M .: Energoatomizdat, 1989. - 528p.
12. Ulyanov S.A. Electromagnetic transients in electrical systems. -M .: Energy, 1970. - 581s.
13. Kulikov Yu.A. Transient processes in electrical systems. -M .: World, 2003.-283s.
14. Melnikov MA Intra-plant power supply: Textbook. -Tomsk: TPU Publishing House, 2004. - 159s.
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