§ 11 Theory of the method of winding the induction electric meter using the "transformer" method.

As we found out in the previous paragraphs, the electric meter is an asynchronous electric motor with a squirrel-cage rotor. In this case, the role of the squirrel-cage rotor is played by the electric meter disk. And the windings form Wi (current winding of the electricity meter) and Wu ( winding voltage meter). Figure 1 shows a simplified electrical diagram of the electricity meter. The remaining additions are aimed at increasing the accuracy of the counter and they are not indicated here. And If it's an electric motor, then it obeys two basic laws of electromechanics:
1. Any electric motor can work as an electricity generator and vice versa. (In this case, this law does not come in handy)
2. Any electric motor rotating in one direction can rotate into the other.
Hence the theoretical obstacles to making the counter spin back is not.
In order for the engine to start rotating in the opposite direction, it is necessary to change the direction of the current in one of the windings of the electric motor (of course for an AC motor it would be more correct to say that it is necessary to change the angle of the current phase shift, but we will not go into theoretical subtleties, and under the current direction We will understand the angle of phase shift). That is, if we manage to change the current direction in the current winding of the electricity meter, it will start to rotate back.

Now let's look at Fig. 2. Suppose that we found an AC source Uobp, which supplies the current in the opposite direction (antiphase), connected it to the points E1 and E2 (or terminals 1 and 2 of the electricity meter). The current through the winding Wi, will be equal to the sum of all the currents through the winding ( Kirchhoff 's law), that is, Iwi = Ih-Iobr.
What follows from this formula? If In = Iob, the counter will stop, although the load Rn will consume power. If In <Iob the counter goes back, and the load Rn will still consume power.
The most interesting is that in order to stop the meter, the voltage Uob should be of the order of 2-3 V, since the resistance of the current winding of the counter Rwi is small enough, of the order of 0.2-0.3 Ohm. Accordingly, according to Ohm's law, Iob = Uob / Rwi and even 3 V create a current of the order of 10 A.
Now we need to find a device with an output voltage of 2-3 V, and it gave out in antiphase to the main current of the load. Fortunately, such a device is and it is not difficult to find it - it is called an ordinary step-down transformer for 2-3 V and power of about 100 W.

Let's look at Figure 3 - if the magnitude of the secondary voltage is clear, it is measured elementary by the tester, then everything is a bit more complicated with the phase. In order for the transformer to produce a current in antiphase, simply turn the secondary winding around. Now we have everything to make the counter spin back.

Now if we substitute new elements into Figure 2 and bring it closer to reality, we get the diagram shown in Figure 4. This is already a real device with which you can make the counter rotate both forward and backward (just turn the plug in the socket). But this version is full of significant flaws:
1. The lowering transformer is in the shield, and this is an obvious fuse.
2. It is necessary to pull two additional wires into the electrical panel, which is quite problematic, and also a fuse.

Let's try to solve the first problem, that is, to transfer the transformer to the apartment. Partially you can solve the second one. Pay attention to Fig. 4, the point E2, L2 and the upper pin on the outlet are connected, so that one wire from the wiring can be used to supply the primary winding of the transformer Tp1.

Now look at Fig. 5. This is a modified circuit in Fig. 4, but now some of the problems have already been solved - now the transformer is already in the apartment and it is easy to hide, one wire from the apartment to the shield has disappeared. But all the same it would be desirable, that from an apartment up to a board any snot did not last. That is, it remains only to find a free bypass wire from point E1 to terminal 1 of the electricity meter. Extra wires to the apartment are not started and it would seem that the problem is unsolvable. But for our happiness in the apartments we have a network with a deadly neutral. What does it mean ? In the power shield, the neutral wire is electrically connected to the ground. And in our apartment grounding is present everywhere - these are the pipes of the central water supply.

That is, we have the same missing third wire, but in this form, as shown in Figure 6, it can not be used, because the current winding of the meter is connected to the phase wire, and the ground wire is grounded. Means it is necessary to make so that the current winding of the electric meter has been included not in a phase chain, and zero. To do this, it is necessary to change the incoming wires to the counter, i.e. going to terminals 1 and 3. (See figure 7)

And now this bypass wire can be used. Instead of the dashed bypass we use grounding. (See Figure 8) What we get - everything you need is in the apartment, it remains to perform only a few shamanic actions.

So what you need to do to the counter began to rotate back:

1. It is necessary to find a step-down transformer 220/4 V with a power of at least 100 W.

2. Need an outlet next to the water pipe.

3. It is necessary to change the incoming wires on the meter, so that the phase conductor comes to the third terminal of the counter, and zero to the first one.

4. Strip the heating pipe to the metal.

5. Collect the diagram shown in Figure 8.

In the winding of electricity meters, the main sense of proportion. If it turns out that you have not consumed a kilowatt for half a year, wait for the inspections of the energy supervision with all the consequences. That is, it is still necessary to pay for electricity, preferably on a regular basis and not less than 100 kW. And the rest can be slightly and subtracted. If you follow these simple rules and do not get rude, then zalet is virtually excluded.

PS See also on the site Sparkling.ru - Winding, braking, stopping electricity meters. The newest ways from the authors. Free consultations.