Effect of stress nonsinusoidality

Wave form of a voltage - the distortion of the sinusoidal voltage waveform.

  Power-consuming equipment with a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the consumption current waveform which is different from a sine wave. A course on the elements of the current power supply provides a voltage drop on them, other than sinusoidal, it is the cause of distortion of the sinusoidal voltage waveform.

For example, semiconductor converters use current trapezoidal shape, so to speak - snatching pieces of the sine wave of rectangular shape.

35% of electricity consumed and converted
at a constant voltage.

The sources of stress are nonsinusoidality: static converters, electric arc and induction furnaces, transformers, synchronous motors, welding machines, gas discharge lighting and appliances, and so on.

Strictly speaking, all consumers, except for incandescent lamps have a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic.

Underestimation of electricity increases due to the inhibitory effects on induction meter reverse order harmonics.

n=1 = 50 Гц, f n=2 = 100 Гц, f n=3 = 150 Гц ...). Function describing the non-sinusoidal voltage curve can be decomposed into a Fourier series of sinusoidal (harmonic) components, with the frequency of the n-times higher than the frequency of the power network - the first harmonic frequency (f n = 1 = 50 Hz, f n = 2 = 100 Hz, f n = 3 = 150 Hz, ...).

In connection with the various features of the generation, distribution across networks and the impact on equipment operation, distinguish the even and odd harmonic components, as well as components of a direct sequence (1, 4, 7, etc.), the reverse sequence (2, 5, 8, and etc.) and zero-sequence (harmonics are multiples of three).

With increasing frequency (harmonic number), the amplitude of harmonics is reduced.