Wireless technology of energy transfer N. Tesla and Tunguska explosion

N. Tesla's records have many references, references to the use of his wireless technology of energy transfer as a directed energy weapon. These references were investigated for their possible communion with the Tunguska Explosion of 1908, which may have been a trial test of Tesla's energy weapon.

This article was first published in various forms in 1990. The idea that N. Tesla's directed energy weapon is the cause of the Tunguska explosion was included in the biography (1994), a fictional author, and was the theme of the broadcast in the television program Sightings.

Wireless transmitter of energy N. Tesla and Tunguska explosion 1908g.

The French ship Iena exploded in 1907. According to press reports, experts explained the reason in electricity. Many believed that the explosion was caused by an electric spark, and the discussion was about the cause of the start of the ignition.

Lee De Forest, the inventor of the Audion electronic lamp used in many radio transmitters, stressed that Nikola Tesla was experimenting with a "torpedo dirigible" capable of delivering such destructive energy to a ship by remote control.

He noted that Tesla argued that the technology used for remote control of vehicles can also be designed so that the intensity of electric waves will be sufficient to cause a spark in the hold of the ship and blow it up. (1)

In the summer of 1913, Signor Giulio Ulivi, exploding the gas using his F-Ray device ("F-Ray"), destroyed his laboratory. Then, in August of the same year, they exploded three mines in the port of Trouville for a number of high-ranking French naval officers. In November, he arrived in Splezzia, Italy, to repeat experiments on several old ships and torpedo boats for the fleet of this country. (2)

In the spring of 1924 the newspapers brought several reports on the "deadly rays" invented in various parts of the world. The first message was about the work of Harry Grindell-Matthews from London. The "New York Times" on May 21 reported:

Paris, May 20 - If you believe Grindell Matthews, the inventor of the so-called 'devil's rays', and his discovery is justified, it will be possible to disable the entire enemy army, destroy any air force, attack the city or paralyze any fleet, dare to invade a certain Distance from the shore by invisible rays. So much of the inventor agreed to tell the New York Times correspondent today on condition that he does not disclose the exact nature of the rays, except that they use a directional electric current capable of performing the actions just mentioned. (3)

Grindell Matthews claimed that his destructive rays functioned four miles apart and that the maximum distance for this type of weapon could be seven or eight miles.

When asked whether there is an opportunity to destroy the enemy's alleged fleet, the inventor said that no, because "Ships, like land, are in continuous contact with the ground, but what can I do - to disable the ships, resolutely acting on vital nodes Equipment, and also temporarily disabling the crews, leading them to a state of shock. " (4)

Aircraft, on the other hand, can be completely destroyed. As soon as its beam touches the plane, it will rip to dust and fall to the ground.

Grindell Matthews argued, "I am convinced that the Germans possess a ray." He nonetheless believed that they conducted their experiments at high frequencies and at high energy, about 200 kilowatts, and could not control the weapon in order to hit a certain target. So far, Grindell Matthews said, he tested at 500 watts of laboratory at a distance of more than sixty-four feet.

The French company, the Great Rhone Engineering Works in Lyon, offered Grindell Matthews extensive financial support that would allow him to test his device at much higher power levels. He replied that he would not undertake such tests "solely under absolute security conditions on a wide area of ​​uninhabited land," so destructive was the energy of his rays.

Details of the devastating energy of the "devil's rays" spread that August: "The tests where the beam was used by the beam confirmed that it is possible to stop the movement of cars, fixing the action of the magneto, and to blow up the gunpowder, directing rays at it from a distance of thirty-six feet." (5) Grindell Matthews was also able to execute electric mice in the electric chair, dry the plants and light the wick of the oil lamp from the same distance. (6)

His own lab technicians, themselves became accidental victims of rays. When their paths intersected during the tests they were either affected by strong electric shocks prior to unconsciousness or received intense burns. The inventor believed that, although it is possible to destroy the enemy infantry with a beam, "it will be quite simple to select the electrical energy used so that the enemy units are only put out of action for a sufficiently long time to effect their capture." (7)

On May 25th, it was announced in England about the second lethal ray. The TFWall physician, "an electrical studies teacher at Sheffield University," requested a patent for the transmission of electrical energy in any direction without the use of wires.

According to one report, although he did not conduct the test on a large scale, "Dr. TFWall, expressed the belief that his invention is capable of destroying all life, stopping aircraft in flight and leading to a halt to the engines of cars." About positive use, he added that his invention will have useful applications in surgical and medical operations. (8)

Germany joined the technology race on May 25th, when it announced its electric weapons. As reported by the Chicago Tribune:

Berlin - The German government has an invention - deadly rays that can shoot down planes, stop tanks on the battlefields, destroy automobile engines, and spread a deadly veil similar to the gas clouds of the recent war, as informed by the members of the Reichstag, the military leader in this body, mister Herr Wulle. They learned that three inventions were created in Germany for these purposes and patented.

Realizing the importance of the development of radiation weapons in the Soviets, the newspaper The New York Times on May 28th publishes an article about this. The article opens: "The news leaked from the Communist circles in Moscow, that behind the recent warlike speech uttered by Trotsky, lies the electromagnetic invention of the Russian engineer, named Grammachikoff, for the destruction of aircraft." (9)

Tests of the destructive ray, the Times continues, began last August with the help of German technical experts. A large-scale demonstration at Podosinsky Aerodome near Moscow was so successful that the revolutionary Military Council and the Political Bureau decided to finance a sufficient number of electronic air defense stations to protect the strategic territories of Russia.

Similar, but more powerful, stations had to be built in order to remove the electrical mechanisms of warships from standing. The commander of the Soviet Air Fleet, Rosenholtz, was so depressed by the demonstration of radiation weapons that he proposed "to reduce the use of the air fleet, because the invention made unnecessary a large air fleet for defense purposes."

An English engineer, JH Hamil, suggested to American soldiers the production plans for an "invisible ray, capable of stopping airplanes and cars in motion," invented by German scientists.

Radiation weapons are believed to have been used last summer to bring down French aircraft over Bavaria. Hamil noted, however: "The fundamental work was done by Nikola Tesla in Colorado Springs about 30 years ago, he built a powerful electric coil, it was discovered that generators and other electrical appliances of a Colorado power company within 100 yards Or near it all were disabled. (10)

Hamil was confident that the beams scattered by the Tesla coil lead to a short circuit of the electrical equipment at close range. Laboratories around the world, he added, conducted studies to improve the Tesla coil to produce effects at long distances. "Working on totally different principles," Hamil said, "German scientists have succeeded in developing a directed transmission of electrical energy."

Those tests conducted by Tesla in Colorado Springs (Colorado Springs) are well remembered by locals. With the help of a 200-foot spool, whose pole was headed by a large copper sphere towering over his laboratory, he generated potentials that were discharged by lightning bolts up to 135 feet in length.

The thunder from the released energy could be served 15 miles away from Cripple Creek. People walking through the streets were amazed by watching sparks jumping between their legs and earth, and electric lights jumping out of the tap when someone twisted it to drink water.

A sphere of light within 100 feet around the experimental tower was blazing when it was off. Horses in the zebra have received shock electric shocks through their metal horseshoes and metal tie objects at parking lots. Even the insects were damaged: the butterflies became electrified and "helplessly circled - their wings beating with streams of blue halos of Elmo Fire." " (11)

Events, which attracted the attention of foreign inventors of the deadly rays, occurred at the Colorado Springs Electric Company. One day, while Tesla was testing high power, cracking from inside the laboratory, he suddenly stopped him.

Entering the laboratory, Tesla demanded to find out why his assistant had disconnected the coil. The assistant protested that he had not done anything. The energy from the generator of the city, said the assistant, should be connected. When the angry Tesla telephoned to the power plant, he received an equally angry response that the power plant did not cut off power, and this experiment Tesla destroyed the generator!

The inventor explained what happened at The Electrical Experimenter, in August 1917.

This is an example of what will happen when several hundred kilowatts of high-frequency energy are released, it was discovered that generators of a power plant six miles away repeatedly burned out due to the powerful high-frequency currents arising in them that caused powerful sparks jumping between the windings and destroying the insulation !! The lightning rods at the power plant demonstrated streams of blue and white sparks passing between the metal plates to ground. (12)

When Tesla was asked about the rays of Ulivi, which caused so many comments several years earlier, in the same interview, he argued that "they were transferred from this country to Italy."

He viewed them simply as a modification of his ultra-powerful high-frequency coil, tested in the State of Colorado. With an energy of thousands of horsepower (13) "it becomes easily possible to blow up gunpowder and weapons stores with high-frequency currents induced in each metal particle located at a distance of five to six miles or more."

Other ways of using his technology of wireless power transmission, Tesla commented, so in the military field the destructive abilities of his system are of great importance. This in Liberty magazine in February 1935 he briefly formulated as follows:

For my invention, large areas are required, but when used, it makes it possible to destroy all people or equipment within a radius of 200 miles. This weapon, so to speak, provides a wall of energy that represents an insurmountable obstacle to any aggression being inflicted. (14)

He continued, making a distinction between his invention and those put forward by others. He claimed that his device does not use any so-called "deadly rays" because such radiation can not be produced in large quantities and rapidly weakens with distance.

He is probably referring to devices such as Grindell-Matthews, using, according to current reports, a powerful ultraviolet beam to make the air a conductor (conductive), through which high-energy current could be directed to the target.

The radius of action of the ultraviolet searchlight would be much less than that of Tesla. According to him: "The whole energy of New York (about two million horsepower [1.5 billion watts]) converted into a beam and projected by twenty miles could not destroy a person."

Not wanting to disclose a potentially valuable creation in an interview, he did not specifically address the details of his design. He only explained that his design is different from the beam type of devices.

My equipment can project the particles, respectively, to large or microscopic sizes, enabling millions of times more energy to be moved to large areas over longer distances than does any type of ray. The energy in a multitude of thousands of horsepower can thus be transmitted by a stream thinner than hair, to which nothing can resist.

Nikola Tesla

Tesla's energy weapon can not be called "ray", but as a device projecting microscopic particles, it would seem that it should differ from other designs by one or two signs.

Or Tesla made a distinction between a beam of radiant energy that looks like a beam from a flashlight that stores the energy of billions of photons into "ray ones," and in his devices all energy is concentrated into a single particle-width stream, or he made a difference with respect to the beam size and The method by which its flow reaches its goal.

In bundles like Grindell Matthews, a model of a torchlight beam, a huge number of high-energy particles or photons would have to be released from the system so as to cover a large enough area on the target to bring the object out of standing.

What Tesla seems to have in mind was that his energy transmitter sets up a force field around himself, which, permeated, would release energy directly to the target. The effect would be like sending a current through the wire directly to the target. A large area on the target would not have to be "painted" with a beam spot, so that the current reaching the invading "attacker" could be very thin and produce a lot of energy in a small area.

Tests in the State of Colorado, which caused the race of various inventions of "deadly rays" in the US and Europe, may have an outlet to the development of much more powerful weapons.

At the same time, Tesla realized that the economic circles would not allow the development of a new type of electric generator that would provide energy without burning fuel, he "was the first who recognized this way of transferring electrical energy to any distance through the medium, as a much better solution to the great task of using Energy of the sun for human needs. " (15) , (16)

His idea was that relatively few generator stations located near the waterfalls would supply them with very high-power transmitters that, in turn, would send energy through the earth, which could then be used (received) wherever it would be needed.

Obtaining energy from this high-pressure reservoir would only require that a person put the rod into the ground (made grounding) and connect it to a receiver working in resonance with the electrical vibrations in the earth.

As Tesla described in 1911, "the whole apparatus for lighting the average rural dwelling will not contain any moving parts at all and can easily be transferred in a small suitcase." (17)

However, there is a difference between the current used to "illuminate the average rural dwelling" and the current used in the methods of destruction, it's all about the duration of its course. If the amount of electricity used for television in an hour is released in a millionth of a second, such currents will be very different and adversely affect television.

Tesla said that his transmitter could produce up to 100 million volts voltage and current up to 1000 amperes, he experimented with power levels of billions or tens of billions of watts (18) if this amount of energy was released in an "immeasurably short time period" ( 19) the energy would be equal to the explosion of millions of tons of TNT, that is, a lot of megaton explosion.

Such a transmitter would be capable of projecting the electrical radiation to the power of a nuclear warhead. The object located anywhere in the world at the speed of light could be evaporated.

Not a surprise that many scientists doubted the technical feasibility of Tesla's wireless power transmission scheme for both commercial and military purposes. Modern authorities in electronics, even those who express their enthusiasm for the genius of Tesla, believe that he was mistaken in interpreting his experiments when it concerned the transfer of electricity through the earth. (20) , (21) , (22)

On the other hand, the statements of authoritarian witnesses who saw Tesla's equipment in action support his idea of ​​energy transfer than what is known today as radio waves.

During the Chicago World Fair in 1893, Hermann von Helmholtz , the first director of the Physico-Technical Institute of Berlin, one of the leading scientists of the time, visited the Westinghouse exposition presented by Tesla. When Tesla asked the famous physicist to express his opinion on the feasibility of the scheme, he emphatically declared that this was real. " (23)

In 1897, Lord Kelvin visited New York and stopped at Tesla's laboratory, where Tesla "entertained him with evidence in support of my wireless theory."

Suddenly [Kelvin], with obvious surprise, remarked: 'So you do not use Hertz waves?'. "Of course not," I replied, "it's radiation." ... I will never forget the magical changes that occurred in the person of the scientist at this moment, when he independently got rid of that erroneous idea. The skeptic, who did not believe, suddenly changed into the warmest supporter. He not only fully shared with me the conviction in the scientific fairness of the idea, but also expressed his strong confidence in the success. (24)

A modern analysis of Tesla's wireless transmission method shows that he used an electrostatic transmission method that did not emit radio waves, as we call them, but could send waves through the earth with a small loss of energy (fading). (25)

It remains questionable whether Tesla demonstrated his system of energy transfer as a weapon. The circumstantial evidence found in the chronology of Tesla's work and the financial state of affairs between 1900 and 1908 indicate that the tests of this weapon took place.

1900 : Tesla returned to New York from Colorado Springs after the completion of the wireless transmission tests that destroyed the generator of the power company. He received $ 150,000 from JP Morgan to build a signal transmitter to Europe.

From the first part of the money, he received 200 acres of land on Shoreham, Long Island and built a 187-foot-tall tower with a steel shaft lowered 120 feet into the ground. This tower was headed by a 55-ton metal dome 68 feet in diameter. He called this research project "Wardenclyffe" , which involves the participation of 2000 people in its global communications center after the completion of the work.

Marconi has issued shares. The founders of the Marconi Company were his (Tesla) old opponents Edison and Michael Pupin . Investors sought to buy shares of Marconi (Marconi). On December 12th, Marconi sent the first transatlantic signal, the letter "S", from Cornwall, England to Newfoundland, Canada. He did this, as the financiers noted, on equipment much less expensive than Tesla developed.

1902 : The Wardenclyffe transmitter is nearing completion. Marconi is hailed as a hero throughout the world, while Tesla looks in the public eye as a deviator who ignores the call to take part in the jury on the development of the death chamber (he refused these duties because of his objection to the death penalty).

1903 : When Morgan sent a balance of $ 150,000, he did not cover the unpaid costs necessary for the construction of Wardenclyffe, Tesla admitted. To stimulate a large investment against the backdrop of Marconi's success, Tesla admitted to Morgan that his real goals were not only to send radio signals, but also wireless transmission of energy to any point on the planet. Morgan was not interested in this and refused to provide further funding.

Financial panic, the collapse, put an end to Tesla's hopes for funding Morgan or other rich industrialists. This left Tesla without money even to buy coal for the work of an electric generator for his transmitter.

1904 - 1906 : Tesla in Electrical World, in "Transmission of Electric Energy Without Wires", notices that the globe, even with its large dimensions, responds to electrical currents like a small metal ball.

Tesla announces in the press about the completion of Wardenclyffe. Marconi is welcomed as an international hero.

Tesla has been repeatedly prosecuted for unpaid costs in Colorado Springs. George Westinghouse, who bought Tesla's patents for AC motors and generators in the 1880s, rejects the inventive proposal for energy transfer.

Workers gradually stop visiting the Wardenclyffe laboratory when there are no funds to pay them. In the article, Tesla comments on the Peary expedition to the North Pole and reports on its plans for transferring energy to any point on earth.

1907 : When commenting on the destruction of the French ship Iena, Tesla notes in a letter to the New York Times that he built and tested torpedoes airships (remotely-controlled torpedoes), but electric waves (used to control them) could be more destructive.

"Regarding the projection of wave energy on any particular region of the globe ... this can be done by my devices," he wrote. Further, he argued that "the place to be influenced can be calculated very closely, if we take the right terrestrial dimensions." (26)

1908 : Tesla repeated the idea of ​​the destruction by electric waves to the newspaper on April 21st. His letter to the editor states "when I spoke of military action in the future, I meant that they should be directly related to the use of electric waves without the use of air engines or other weapons of destruction."

He added: "It is not a dream.Although now wireless power plants could be built under the influence of which any area of ​​the globe could be turned into unsuitable for living without subjecting the population of other parts of serious danger or inconvenience." (27)

In the period from 1900 to 1910 Tesla's creative impulse was to complete his plan for wireless energy transfer. Caught by the achievements of Marconi, beset by financial problems and rejected by the scientific community, Tesla was in desperate situation in the middle of the decade. The tension became too great in 1906-1907 and, according to the biographers of Tesla, he suffered an emotional collapse. (28) , (29)

To make a final effort to recognize his main scheme, he could have tried one test of his highly powerful transmitter to show his destructive potential. It happened in 1908.

The Tunguska events took place on the morning of June 30th, 1908 . The explosion, which was estimated to be equivalent to 10-15 megaton TNT, smoothed 500,000 acres of pine forest near the Boulder Tunguska River in central Siberia. Entire herds of reindeer were destroyed. Several nomadic villages were reported to have disappeared.

The explosion was heard at a distance of more than 620 miles. When the expedition was made to this area in 1927 to find the presence of a meteorite, presumed to be the cause that caused the explosion, there was no crater from the impact. When the ground was drilled to determine the inclusions of nickel, iron or stone, the main constituents of meteorites, nothing was found down to a depth of 118 feet.

Several explanations were given to the Tunguska events. The officially accepted version is that it is a fragment of 100,000 tons of Ence's Comet, consisting mainly of dust and ice, which entered the atmosphere at a speed of 62,000 miles per hour, heated and exploded above the Earth, causing ball lightning and a shock wave, not Causing no crater.

Alternative explanations for the disaster include the formation of a mini-black hole or an alien spacecraft crashing into the ground with the resulting release of energy.

Hypotheses about the connection with the Tunguska events of Tesla's ideas on the transfer of energy to a distance are speculatively placed next to the hypotheses about ancient astronauts (aliens). However, historical facts point to the possibility that these events could be caused by the test launch of Tesla's energy weapon.

In 1907 and 1908 , Tesla wrote about the destructive impact of his energy transmitter. His Wardenclyffe equipment was much larger than the device in Colorado Springs, which destroyed the power plant generator. Then, in 1915, he bluntly declared:

Unconditional practical transfer of electrical energy without wires and the production of destructive impact at a distance. I have already designed a wireless transmitter that makes this possible. ... And someday it's inevitable to use it to destroy property and life. The skills have already advanced so far that the effects of great destructive power can be made to any point on the globe, determined in advance with great accuracy (emphasis added). (thirty)

It seems that he recognizes that such a trial took place before 1915, and, although there is only circumstantial evidence, Tesla had the motives and means to trigger the Tunguska events. Its transmitter could generate energy levels and frequencies capable of releasing a breaking force of 10 megaton TNT or more. And the genius, not seen, was in despair.

The nature of the Tunguska events, too, is compatible with what would have happened as a result of the sudden launch of wireless energy. No fiery object was observed in the skies at this time by professional or amateur astronomers, which would have to be expected when an object of 200,000,000 pounds enters the atmosphere at a speed of tens of thousands of miles per hour.

Also, the first reporters from the city of Tomsk, who arrived on this territory, came to the conclusion that the stories about the body falling from the sky were the result of the imagination of impressionable people. They noted that there was considerable noise emanating from the explosion, but no stones were falling. The absence of impact craters can be explained by the fact that there was no material body for impact. An explosion caused by wave energy would not leave a crater.

In contrast to the collision theory with the ice comet, the reports on the state of the upper atmosphere and magnetic changes coming from other parts of the world during and immediately after the Tunguska events show a lot of changes in the electrical state around the Earth. Baxter and Atkins in their explorations of the explosion - "Visiting the Fire" - are quoted in the editorial of the London Times about "minor but clearly marked violations of ... magnets," which the authors, not knowing about the explosion, associated with solar flares (prominences). (31)

In Berlin, the New York Times reported on July 3rd, the evening sky was an unusual color, they thought that the Northern Lights were going on: "Wonderful lights were seen in the northern sky ... a bright scattered white and yellow lighting lasting all night until Did not disappear at dawn. " (32)

Massive flaming "silvery clouds" covered Siberia and northern Europe. A scientist in Holland reported a "pulsating mass" moving across the northwestern horizon. It did not seem to him to be a cloud, but "it seemed the sky itself was making a wave motion."

A woman from north London, wrote the London Times, reported that at midnight on the 1st of July the sky burned so brightly that it was possible to read the large letters inside her house. Meteorological Observer in England, said that on the night of June 30th for July 1st:

A strong orange-yellow light became visible in the north and northeast ... generating an excessive continuation of twilight continuing until dawn on July 1st ... there was a complete absence of glow or flicker, and no tendency for the formation of streamers, or a light arc, For the phenomena caused by the aurora borealis ... The twilight on both of these nights was prolonged until dawn and there was no real darkness. (33)

The report that most closely relates these strange cosmic events to the Tesla energy transfer scheme is that while the sky sparkled with this eerie light it was possible to clearly see the ships on the sea for miles in the middle of the night. (34)

Tesla specifically claimed this as one of the results he could achieve in his highly powerful transmitters. Of particular importance is that never in order to use his inventions to illuminate the ocean before 1908 was not. (35)

A typical formulation regarding the induction of light by its transmitter is in American New York, on December 7th, 1914:

Ocean lighting ... is only one of the less important results that will be achieved when using this invention [transmitter]. I have many object details projects that could be installed on Azores and that will be able to sufficiently illuminate the full ocean so that such a disaster as the Titanic's death would not be repeated. The light would be soft and of very low intensity, but perfectly adequate to the purpose. (36)

When Tesla used his high-power transmitter as a directed energy weapon, he resolutely changed the normal electrical state of the Earth. Making the planet's electrical charge vibrating in tone with its transmitter, it was able to create electric fields that acted on the compasses and make the upper atmosphere behave similar to a gas filling lamp in its laboratory. He turned the whole globe into a simple electrical component that he could control.

Knowing the peace-loving nature of Tesla, it is difficult to understand why he would have conducted a trial harmful to both animals and people who grazed them, even when he was seized by financial despair. The answer is that he probably did not mean any harm, but he sought a coup in public opinion and, literally, missed his goal.

At the end of 1908, the whole world followed the courageous attempt by Peary to reach the North Pole, which he reached in April 1909. If Tesla wanted the attention of the international press, a few things might be more impressive than Peri's expedition, sending a catastrophic explosion into the world Near or on the North Pole. (37) Tesla, then, if he could not be welcomed as the main participant, he could be seen as the creator of a new mysterious destructive force.

The test does not seem to have been completely successful. It must be because of the difficulty in sending a huge amount of energy when transferring to a precisely designated place. The North Pole lies on the line connecting Shoreham, Long Island and the Tunguska region. This path runs close to Alert on Ellesmere Island, where Peri spent the winter. (38)

The uninhabited area between Alert and the North Pole could be intended as a target for the test launch of a wireless transmission system. Have produced a destructive electric wave over a shot for this purpose. However, the dimensions accepted in those days were not accurate enough to solve this problem.

Whoever conceals a demonstration of Tesla's energy weapon, he must have been scared or because he missed the intended goal and threatened the inhabited areas of the planet, or because it worked too well and led to the destruction of such a large area by simply pushing the switch thousands of miles away . Whatever the reason, Tesla did not get the fame he was looking for for his energy transmitter.

There are only indirect evidence. Perhaps Tesla never reached the wireless transmission of energy through the earth. Perhaps he made a mistake in interpreting the results of his radio tests in the State of Colorado Springs and did observe low-frequency phenomena, Schumann's oscillations, and not the impact, according to engineers confident in the scientific impossibility of this.

Perhaps the nervous and mental stress that he suffered caused him to retreat into the fantasy world, from which he issued ridiculous statements for reporters who gathered at his annual celebrations for his birthday. Perhaps the explosion with the size of the atomic bomb in Siberia at the turn of the century was the result of the fall of a meteorite that no one had seen.

Or, perhaps, Nikola Tesla shook the world in a way that has been kept secret for more than 85 years.

Notes

1. The New York Times, "Wireless Caused Iena Disaster?", Mar. 19, 1907, p. 4, col. 4.

2. The New York Times, "Signor Ulivi First Blew Up Gas Meter," Nov. 2, 1913, III, p. 4, col. 5.

3. The New York Times, "Tells the Death Power of the Diabolical Rays," May 21, 1924, pg.1.

4. Note 3.

5. Popular Mechanics, "'Death Ray' Is Carried by Shafts of Light," Aug. 1924, pgs. 189-192.

6. Current Opinion, "A Violet Ray That Kills," June 1924, pgs. 828-829.

7. Note 6.

8. The New York Times, "Second British Inventor Reveals a Death Ray," May 25, 1924, p. 1, col. 2.

9. The New York Times, "Suggests Russia Has A 'Ray'," May 28, 1924, pg. 25.

10. Colorado Springs Gazette, "Tesla Discovered 'Death Ray' In Experiments Made Here," May 30, 1924, pg. 1.

11. Goldman, Harry L., "Nikola Tesla's Bold Adventure," The American West, Mar. 1971, pgs. 4-9; Reprinted by Nick Basura, 3414 Alice St., Los Angeles, Ca. 90065, 1974.

12. Tesla, Nikola, "Famous Scientific Illusions," Electrical Experimenter, Feb. 1919, pgs. 692f.

13. One horsepower equals 745.7 watts.

14. Tesla, Nikola, "A Machine to End War," as told to George Sylvester Viereck, Liberty, Feb. 1935, p. 5-7.

15. Tesla, Nikola, "The Problem of Increasing Human Energy - Through the Use of the Sun's Energy," The Century Illustrated Magazine, reprinted in Lectures, Patents, and Articles, Nikola Tesla Museum, Belgrade, 1956; Reprinted by Health Research (Mokelumme Hill, Calif., 95245), 1973, pg. A-143.

16. Nichelson, Oliver, "Nikola Tesla's Later Energy Generation Designs," IECEC, 1991.

17. American Examiner, Copyright 1911, no date, no pg.

18. Tesla, Nikola, New York Times, "How to Signal Mars," May 23, 1909, pg. 10. He claims to have sent "a current around the globe" on the order of "15,000,000" horsepower or 11 billion watts.

19. Secor, H. Winfield, "The Tesla High Frequency Oscillator," The Electrical Experimenter, March 1916, pg. 615.

20. Wait, James R., "Propagation of ELF Electromagnetic Waves and Project Sanguine / Seafarer," IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol. OE-2, no. 2, April 1977, pgs. 161-172.

21. Marinic, Aleksandar, Nikola Tesla, Colorado Springs Notes 1899-1900, Nikola Tesla Museum, Published by Nolit, Beograd, Yugoslavia, pg.19.

22. Corum, James F., and Corum, Kenneth L., "Disclosures Concerning the Operation of an ELF Oscillator," Tesla '84: Proceedings of the Tesla Centennial Symposium, Dr. Elizabeth Rauscher and Mr. Toby Grotz, editors, International Tesla Society, Inc., Colorado Springs, 1985, pgs. 41-49.

23. Tesla, Nikola, "Famous Scientific Illusions," Electrical Experimenter, Feb. 1919, pg. 732.

24. Note 22.

25. Nichelson, Oliver, "Tesla's Wireless Transmission Method," 1992.

26. Tesla, Nikola, "Tesla's Wireless Torpedo," New York Times, Mar. 20, 1907, pg. 8.

27. Tesla, Nikola, New York Times, "Mr. Tesla's Vision," April 21, 1908, pg. 5.

28. Seifer, Marc J., "Nikola Tesla: The Lost Wizard," Tesla '84: Proceedings of the Tesla Centennial Symposium, op. Cit., Pgs. 31-40. Seifer, a psychologist, believes that Tesla suffered a nervous breakdown, catalyzed by the death of one partner in the Tesla Electric Company and the murder of Stan