Water and heat meters

Existing regulations on accounting often contradict each other, have many weaknesses. For instance, accounting rules and the heat carrier approved only in 1995, but now many experts acknowledge that they are obsolete. GOST R 51649-2000 "Heat meters for water heat-
supply. General specifications "approved in 2000, but set it to the testing requirements are not met. In particular, the devices are not tested for electromagnetic compatibility. None of the test centers is not stipulated by GOST conducts tests for verification of security against unauthorized access to the memory devices. Prove the same afterwards, that the consumer deliberately distorts the readings, it is very difficult.
Opportunities there are a lot of fraud. This is due to the fact that the heat meter on the device is rather complicated, the algorithms work, installation, operation.
There are several ways to correct the readings. The easiest way is sometimes used by owners of land plots in order to reduce the cost of water for irrigation is expended. The consumer buys the least expensive and unreliable (for reviews neighbors and friends), water meters, to agree on its application to the water supplier. In accordance with national standards of minimum flow, fixed water meter is 30 l / h Consequently, the valve is opened so that the flow was less than 30 l / h At the same time does not count records the analysis of water, ie, by setting the device, the user is able to legally avoid paying for the water: at the rate of, for example, at 20 l / h per day you can get 480 liters of clean drinking water is absolutely free!
In city apartments, residents practice a little more complicated way. When installing the meter requires a strainer with a cork, which is not sealed, as is required to periodically clean the filter. Consumer screwed hose (liner) in place of the nut is removed the drain filter and the water gets to bypass the counter. In the case of the arrival of an inspector to check the water utility meter (which happens very rarely) it suffices to unscrew the hose nut and put a full-time stopper - this requires a few minutes.
For the same design metering of water there is an easier way: a glass strainer attached a thin wire into the pipe and passed along the water. Wire slows the rotation of the turbine meter, and readings significantly underestimated.
Most water meters are used - the so-called "suhohody." They consist of two parts: a turbine, spinning in the water, and the counting mechanism, which is separated from the turbine pressurized bulkhead. Impeller mounted on one or a few small magnets. Water impeller rotates, the rotation of the magnets under the influence of hermetic barrier metal ring is rotated, the rotation of the ring is transferred to the counting mechanism. The essence of the following ways under-readings - brake rotor by installing external magnets, whose position is determined empirically.
Discussed ways of correcting reading water meters makes a somewhat different attitude to the positive conclusions of the various organizations of the results of their implementation. Clearly, if installed in residential apartment water meters, the sum of their testimony (eg, per month) will be less than the calculated value, as defined by the relevant standards. It is not questioned. However, none of the reports, none of the authors of numerous articles have not seen mention of the fact that somewhere after the installation of water meters apartment reduced total water consumption of the city, district, township. In practice, together with the introduction of water meters is growing imbalance between the results of metering and consumption, and manipulation of the above devices were forced to be written off the losses in distribution networks.
More diverse ways to correct reading of heat meters. The heat meter consists of three main units: meter, thermocouples, Calculator - and possibly make adjustments by manipulating any of the blocks.
Tachometer flow of heat meters have the same adjustment options as listed above for the water meters.
Electromagnetic Flowmeter structurally consists of two magnetic coils installed above and below the pipe, the two measuring electrodes are arranged horizontally. At the coil is fed an alternating voltage of known frequency and form. Since the electrode is removed signal proportional to the flow of liquid. To adjust the instrument readings outside of the flow sensor installed additional magnetic coil, the voltage at which the voltage is applied to the opposite coil unit. Thus the desired signal is suppressed and the understated reading. Fortunately, this method has not yet been widely adopted, since the specific skills required of the performer.
The vortex flow meter consists of a constructive triangular prisms, vertically mounted in the tube, the measuring electrode inserted into the pipe below the flow of fluid and the pipe installed on the outside of the permanent magnet. Manipulation can be reduced to a distortion of the magnetic field of permanent magnet flowmeter. To do this, apply a set of permanent magnets.
Their location is chosen empirically. In this way possible to significantly increase the lower limit of measurement range instrument. Another way of understating the testimony of vortex flowmeters - twist and twist the flow of water, for example, offset mounting flange gasket between the instrument and the pipeline.
A simple but effective way of understating the energy meter readings associated with the work of the thermocouples. They are installed in the supply and return lines and communication lines connected to the Calculator. Connected in parallel with thermocouples installed on the supply pipeline, a resistor with variable resistance, can underestimate the temperature of the supply of heating water. The magnitude of the desired "savings" is regulated by the selection of the resistor.

Way to rollback water meter with a vacuum cleaner:

When installing the meter is usually installed in front of him with the strainer cap, which is not sealed. From time to time it has to be cleaned. At this point, conveniently timed "rollback" counter. The idea is simple - pass through the meter the flow of what - or (preferably free) in the opposite direction. Use this air.

So, close the valve before the filter and remove the cap from the filter.

Take a vacuum cleaner hose, insert it into the outlet (if design allows for a vacuum cleaner), and "blows" it, for example, in a window (for dust).

Open the valve on the mixer and it connects to the hose from the vacuum cleaner. The junction can be sealed, for example, winding the cloth on the faucet spout and holding the place of the hand. Part of the air will still produce, so as not to burn cleaner.   Turn on the vacuum cleaner and turn the counter back. The speed is adjustable, letting some air into the vacuum hose connection point to the tap. It must be done, otherwise the vacuum cleaner can burn from lack of air for cooling the engine. On the domestic taps may not work as they strip is attached to the rod is free and can act as a check valve.

This method is applicable if the old type of vacuum cleaner. The new can only "suck". In this case, connect it to the filter instead of the cork. Only have to make sure that does not "suck" the water remaining in the pipes. Otherwise, a vacuum cleaner fails. To avoid this you can use the separator vessel. To do this, take a jar, cover it with plastic lid, the lid make two holes. At one must be tightly inserted into the hose from the vacuum cleaner (shallow) to another is also tight hose going to the filter (this hose is inserted almost to the bottom of the banks). Now the water is accidentally left in the tube will be collected at the bank, and the vacuum cleaner will clean the air. (Anna 01/03/05)

The way to stop water meter with a magnet:

Use a magnet to stop the water meter SCC-15. Two of the speaker magnet glued to the plate with a hole in which the entire device is worn on the body count. Tested that the magnets used in hard disk drives company stronger and more defined simply on the glass front axle (just applied) generally stops the counter.