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Electroshock

Schematic options: => 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6th

The device is designed for active self-defense by acting on an attacker with a high-voltage electric discharge. The circuit makes it possible to obtain at the output contacts a voltage of up to 80000 V, which leads to air breakdown and the formation of an electric arc (spark discharge) between the contact electrodes. Since a limited current flows while touching the electrodes, there is no threat to human life. The electroshock device due to its small dimensions can be used as an individual security device or it can be used as part of a security system for the active protection of a metal object (safe, metal door, door lock, etc.). In addition, the design is so simple that for manufacturing does not require the use of industrial equipment - everything is easily done at home.

In the device circuit on transistor VT1 and transformer T1, a pulse voltage converter is assembled. The autogenerator operates at a frequency of 30 kHz, and in the secondary winding (3) of the T1 transformer, after rectification by diodes on the capacitor C4, a constant voltage of about 800 ... 1000 V is isolated. The second transformer (T2) allows further increase of the voltage to the desired value. He works in a pulsed mode. This is ensured by adjusting the gap in the spark gap F1 so that the air breakdown occurs at a voltage of 600 ... 750 V. Once the voltage on the capacitor C4 (in the process of charging) reaches this value, the discharge of the capacitor passes through F1 and the primary winding T2. The energy accumulated on the capacitor C4 (transmitted to the secondary winding of the transformer) is determined from the expression:

W = 0.5C x Uc2 = 0.5 x 0.25 x 10-6 x 7002 = 0.061 [J]

Where: Uc is the voltage across the capacitor [V]; С - capacity of the capacitor С4 [Ф]. Similar industrial devices have roughly the same charge energy or slightly less. The circuit is powered by four D-0,26 batteries and consumes no more than 100 mA. The circuit elements shown in dashed lines are a transformerless charger from the 220 V network. To connect the recharge battery, use a cord with two corresponding plugs. The LED HL1 is an indicator of the presence of voltage in the network, and the diode VD3 prevents the discharge of batteries through the charger circuits, if it is not included in the network. The circuit uses the following components: resistors of MLT, capacitors C1 of type K73-17B at 400 V, C2 - K50-16 at 25 V, NW - K10-17, C4 - MBM for 750 V or type K42U-2 for 630 V. High-voltage capacitor (C4), it is not recommended to use other types, since it has to work in a hard mode (almost short-circuiting), which only these series last for a long time. The diode bridge VD1 can be replaced by four diodes of the type KD102B, and VD4 and VD5 - by six series-connected diodes KD102B. Switch SA1 type PD9-1 or PD9-2.

Transformers are self-made and the winding in them begins with the secondary winding. The manufacturing process will require accuracy and winding. Transformer T1 is performed on a dielectric frame inserted into the armored core B26 from ferrite M2000NM1 (M1500NM1). It contains 1 to 6 turns in the winding, 2 to 20 turns with PELSHO wire 0.18 mm in diameter (0.12 ... 0.23 mm), in the winding 3 - 1800 turns with a PEL wire of 0.1 mm diameter. When winding the third winding, it is necessary to stack capacitor dielectric paper every 400 turns, and impregnate the layers with a capacitor or transformer oil. After winding the coil, insert it into the ferrite cups and glue the joint (making sure that it works). The terminals of the coil are poured with heated paraffin or wax. When installing the circuit, it is necessary to observe the polarity of the phases of the transformer windings indicated on the diagram. The high-voltage transformer T2 is made on plates of transformer iron, dialed into a package.

Since the magnetic field in the coil is not closed, the design makes it possible to exclude magnetization of the core. Winding is carried out a turn to the winding (first wind the secondary winding) 2 - 1800 ... 2000 turns with a PEL wire of 0.08 ... 0.12 mm in diameter (in four layers), 1 - 20 turns with a diameter of 0.35 mm. Interlaminar insulation is best performed from several turns of thin (0.1 mm) PTFE tape, but capacitor paper is also suitable - it can be obtained from high-voltage non-polar capacitors. After winding the windings, the transformer is filled with epoxy glue. In the glue before pouring it is desirable to add a few drops of condenser oil (plasticizer) and mix well. At the same time, there should not be air bubbles in the gluing paste. And for the convenience of pouring it will be necessary to make a cardboard frame (dimensions 55x23x20 mm) according to the dimensions of the transformer, where the sealing is performed. The transformer manufactured in this way provides a voltage amplitude of more than 90,000 V in the secondary winding, but it is not recommended to switch it on without the protective spark gap F2, since with this voltage, breakdown inside the coil is possible. The protective arrester is made of two bare wires located at a distance of 20 ... 24 mm. The design of electrodes X2, X3 and spark gap F2 is shown in the figure below.

Elements of the structure are mounted on the side plates of Plexiglas 5 ... 6 mm thick. As the electrodes X2 and X3, rods can be used from connectors to a large current, for example from a series of Schr. The type of design of the spark gap F1 is shown in Fig.

As a material, it is better to take copper plates with a nickel-plated coating (this provides a higher resistance of the arrester to destruction by arc). The thickness of the plates can be any. The breakdown voltage of air is about 3 kV per mm (depends on humidity and atmospheric pressure), therefore the gap of the spark gap F1 will be approximately 0.1 ... 0.2 mm (adjustable when tuning). The power button SB1 is better and done by yourself - this allows you to take into account the peculiarity of the housing design. It is made of a soft steel or copper tape with a thickness of approximately 0.5 mm, Fig. 2.30. All the details of the circuit, except for the SA1 switch, are placed on a one-sided printed circuit board made of glass-textolite 1 ... 1.5 mm thick (130x55 mm in size), Fig.

The same size of the board is used as a cover and an element of fastening of the switch SA1, and also accumulators. Batteries are placed in two in cardboard glasses, glued together by their dimensions (by diameter) and are spring-loaded to the main board by petals fixed on the lid. The parts are soldered from the side of the printed conductors, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the device casing. Transformers T1 and T2 are glued to the board with epoxy glue. The general view of the assembly of the entire structure (without a casing) is shown in the figure below.

On the frame, formed of two boards, fixed with four screws (with a secret hat), the cardboard casing is wrapped and glued (it should be removed with the rear wall removed). To give an attractive appearance, the casing is wrapped with a self-adhesive film under the color of the tree. At the location of the button SA1, an opening is made in the casing, and a thin plastic plate (1 ... 2 mm) with slots is glued to the side face. Inside the flexible part of the plate, a rubber insert is glued, but so that it does not interfere with putting the casing on the frame. The setup of the circuit consists in obtaining (by the resistor R4) a stable start and the operation of the self-excited generator when powered from a stationary source with voltage from 3.9 to 5 V. When tuning the circuit, it is better to use a power supply in the current limiting mode for 1 A - this will prevent damage to VT1 in case The wrong connection of the phase of the primary winding T1 or the absence of the auto-generation mode for another reason. After that, using an oscilloscope with a divider, measure the voltage on the capacitor C4 and select the gap in the spark gap F1 so that it does not exceed 650 ... 750 V. Now a few words about the operation of the device. When carrying an electric shock, it is best to use the SA1 switch to remove power - this will prevent the device from operating when the SB1 button is accidentally pressed, for example in a pocket. It is not recommended to turn on the electric shock in high humidity conditions, so as not to fall under the arc voltage. In addition, since there is no heat sink for the transistor VT1 (there is no free space in the case), it is not recommended to turn on the device for continuous operation for more than 1 minute (usually this is not necessary). It should also be aware that ordinary clothing is not an obstacle to penetration of the arc.

Attention!
When working with the device, do not forget the safety rules!

Date of publication 22.03.2003.

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