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H 2 HYDROGEN PEROXIDE FOR BENZOBAK. FUTURE FOR HYDROGEN SALTS H 2 O 2
Vladimir ROMANOV
In 1818 the French chemist L. J. Tenar discovered "oxidized water". After this substance was called hydrogen peroxide . Its density is 1464.9 kg / cubic meter . So, the obtained substance has the formula H 2 O 2 , endothermically, cleaves oxygen in the active form with a large release of heat: H 2 O 2 > H 2 O + 0.5 O 2 + 23.45 kcal.
Chemists have previously known about the property of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizer: solutions of H 2 O 2 (hereinafter referred to as " peroxide ") ignited combustible substances, so much so that they could not be extinguished. Therefore, to apply peroxide in real life as an energy substance, and not yet requiring an additional oxidizer, came to mind engineer Helmut Walter from the city of Kiel . And specifically on the submarines, where you need to take into account every gram of oxygen, especially since it was in 1933 , and the fascist elite took all measures to prepare for war. Immediately work with peroxide was classified. H 2 O 2 - the product is unstable. Walter found products (catalysts), which contributed to an even faster decomposition of peroxide . The reaction of oxygen removal ( H 2 O 2 = H 2 O + O 2 ) went instantaneously and to the end. However, there was a need to "get rid" of oxygen. Why? The fact is that peroxide is the richest compound with O 2 it is almost 95% of the total weight of the substance. And since atomic oxygen is initially allocated, it was simply inconvenient not to use it as an active oxidizer.
Then, in the turbine, where peroxide was applied, organic fuel began to be supplied, as well as water, because there was enough heat. This contributed to the growth of engine power.
In 1937 , successful bench tests of steam and gas turbine installations were carried out, and in 1942 the first F-80 submarine was built, which developed under water a speed of 28.1 knots ( 52.04 km / h ). The German command decided to build 24 submarines, which were supposed to have two power plants each with a capacity of 5,000 hp each. . They consumed an 80% peroxide solution. In Germany, the capacity to produce 90,000 tons of peroxide per year was being prepared. However, for the "millennium Reich" came an inglorious end ...
It should be noted that in Germany peroxide was used in various aircraft modifications, as well as on the V-1 and V-2 missiles . We know that all these works have not been able to change the course of events ...
In the Soviet Union, peroxide work was also carried out in the interests of the submarine fleet. In 1947 , a full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR BS Stechkin , advising specialists on liquid-jet engines, who were then called ZHRDistami, at the Institute of the Academy of Artillery Sciences, gave the task to the future academician (and then still engineer) On peroxide , proposed by Academician EA Chudakov . For this, serial diesel engines of submarines of the " Pike " type were used. And almost "blessing" for work was given by Stalin himself. This allowed forcing the development and getting on board the boat an additional volume, where it was possible to place torpedoes and other weapons.
Work with peroxide was carried out by Academicians Stechkin , Chudakov and Varshavsky in a very short time. Up to 1953 , according to available information, 11 submarines were equipped. Unlike the peroxide work done by the US and England, our submarines left no trace behind them, while the gas turbines (the USA and England) had a demasking bubble train. But the point in the domestic introduction of peroxide and its use for submarines was put by Khrushchev: the country switched to work with nuclear submarines. And the powerful reserve of the H- 2 weapon was cut into scrap metal.
However, what do we have in the "dry residue" with peroxide ? It turns out that it needs to be cooked somewhere, and then refuel tanks (tanks) machines. This is not always convenient. Therefore, it is better to receive it directly on board the machine, and even better before injecting into the cylinder or before feeding to the turbine. In this case, the full safety of all work would be guaranteed. But which source fluids are needed to get it? If you take some acid and peroxide , say, barium ( Ba O 2 ), this process becomes very inconvenient for use directly on board the same "Mercedes"! So let's pay attention to simple water - H 2 O ! It turns out that it can be safely and effectively used to get peroxide ! And you just need to fill the tanks with ordinary well water and you can go on the road-road.
The only caveat: with such a process, atomic oxygen is again formed (recall the reaction that Walter encountered), but here, as it turned out, one can act reasonably. For its correct use, a water-fuel emulsion is needed, in which it is enough to have at least 5-10% of a certain hydrocarbon fuel. The same fuel oil may well come up, but even with its use, hydrocarbon fractions will provide oxygen phlegmatization, that is, they will react with it and give an additional impulse, which excludes the possibility of an uncontrolled explosion.
By all accounts, cavitation, the formation of active bubbles, which are capable of destroying the structure of the water molecule, take out the OH hydroxyl group and force it to connect with the same group to get the necessary molecule of H 2 O 2 peroxide .
This approach is very advantageous from any point of view, because it allows to exclude the process of manufacturing peroxide outside the object of use (ie it allows to create it directly in the internal combustion engine). This is very advantageous, since it excludes the stages of separate charging and storage of H 2 O 2 . It turns out that only at the moment of injection is the formation of the required compound occurs to us and, bypassing the storage process, peroxide comes into operation. And in the tanks of the same car can be found a water-fuel emulsion with a scanty percentage of hydrocarbon fuel! Here beauty would be! And it would not be terrible at all if one liter of fuel had a price of even $ 5 . In the future, it is possible to switch to solid fuels such as coal, and quietly synthesize gasoline from it. Coal still last for several hundred years! Only Yakutia at a small depth stores billions of tons of this fossil. This is the largest region, bounded from below by the BAM line, the northern boundary of which extends far beyond the Aldan and May rivers ...
However, peroxide according to the described scheme can be prepared from any hydrocarbons. I think that the main word in this matter remains for our scientists and engineers.
print version
Author: Vladimir ROMANOV
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 27.10.2006gg
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