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SINGLE-WIRED AND WIRELESS TRANSFER OF ENERGY

Kosinov NV, Garbaruk V.I.

• Experiments on single-wire energy transfer
• Experiments with burnt out incandescent lamps
• Experiments on wireless power transmission
• Experiments showing the glow of an incandescent lamp in the hand

The idea of ​​a single-wire transmission of electricity became of interest to many researchers, especially after SV Avramenko demonstrated the transmission of an alternating current by one wire at the Moscow Research Institute of Electrotechnics [1]. The basis of the device for a single-wire power transmission was the "Avramenko plug", which consists of two series-connected semiconductor diodes. If the plug is connected to a wire under alternating voltage, then after a while a spark is observed in the spark gap. Incorporating a resistor with a nominal value of 2-5 MΩ into the transmission line does not cause any significant changes in the operation of the circuit [1]. In the article [2], its authors assumed that the efficiency of the device should depend on the material of the generator windings, therefore, it is considered necessary to test the expediency of manufacturing windings from wires of copper, nickel, iron, lead, etc. One of the authors of [2] , That their line is superconducting [3, 4]. Experiments on single-wire energy transfer

The authors of this article conducted a series of experiments on the transmission of electricity by one wire. For this purpose we have developed a new scheme for single-wire power transmission. In our scheme, the "Avramenko plug" was not used. Instead of "fork Avramenko" we used the usual bridge scheme. In our experiments, the bridge circuit proved to be much more efficient than the "Avramenko plug". In addition, we made other changes to Avramenko's scheme. Our scheme is shown in Fig. The transmission unit consists of a generator and a transformer. The circuit of the receiving node is shown in Fig. 1 to the right of the transformer.

Fig.1. Single-wire power transmission under the new scheme.

In the diagram shown in Fig. 1, the digits indicate: 1 - generator, 2 - spectrum expander, 3 - "antenna". The general view of the device is shown in Fig.

Fig. 2. General view of the device for demonstrating a single-wire power transmission.

The device provides a DC power supply B5-47, which allows receiving a voltage of 0 - 30V. The load is an incandescent lamp 220V, 25W. The generator and transformer are housed in a dielectric casing. Diodes, a capacitor, a lamp, elements 2 and 3, which make up the energy receiver, are placed in a white-blue plastic case under the lamp (Fig. 2). The receiving unit is connected to the transformer by one wire.

The brightness of the glow of the lamp depends on the power of the generator. With an increased voltage at the output of the power supply B5-47 within the limits of 16 - 18 volts, the 220V lamp, 25W burns with almost full glow (Fig. 3).

Fig. 3. Illumination of a lamp 220В, 25Втв a single-wire transmission line at the raised voltage
From the source B5-47.

The key points in improving the efficiency of our scheme, in comparison with Avramenko's scheme, is the use of a standard bridge circuit, not half of it, but also the presence of a spectrum expander. The presence in the circuit of the spectrum expander leads to the fact that the load does not interfere with the total capacitor charge. Incorporating a resistor into the transmission line or using a conductor with a high resistivity as a transmission line does not significantly affect the degree of glow of the lamp spiral. Thus, the resistance of the transmission line is very slight. The light illuminates even with a "broken" transmission line. This is most clearly demonstrated by the photo in Fig.

Fig. 4. Illumination of the lamp 220V, 25W in the broken single-wire line connected by the unit for isolation.

In our scheme of single-wire energy transfer there are two independent circuits, the frequency spectra in which are different. In the first circuit, a narrow-band frequency spectrum, in the second - broadband. The first circuit is open. In it, the circuit is conditionally closed to the receiver through antenna 3 (Fig. 1). The second circuit is formed by a capacitor, a spectrum expander and an incandescent lamp. The glow of the lamp in the broken transmission line indicates that it is possible to transmit power not only by one wire, but also by wireless transmission of energy.

Experiments with burnt out incandescent lamps

In our experiments described above, single-wire energy transfer burns both serviceable lamps and burned-out lamps. Below are the results of experiments with burnt incandescent lamps.
Figure 5 shows the rupture of the filament of the incandescent lamp. This photo was taken with the device turned off.

Fig. 5. Burned lamp 220V, 60 W before the experiment.

Figure 6 shows a photograph taken during the experiment. You can see a red-hot spiral and a bright spark at the point where the spiral breaks. Incorporating a resistor into the transmission line or using a conductor with a high resistivity as a transmission line did not significantly reduce the incandescence of the lamp spiral. The degree of glow of the lamp spiral depends to a large extent on the length of the gap at the point where the spiral breaks. During the experiments, it was found that there is an optimal length of the burned out section, at which the filament of the remaining filament is maximal.

Fig. 6. Glow of a burnt out incandescent lamp 220V, 60W.

With the glow of burnt out incandescent lamps, without suspecting, almost every one of us is facing. To do this, it is enough to take a close look at the burnt out electric lamps. Quite often it can be seen that the internal circuit of the incandescent lamp does not burn out in one place, but in several places. It is clear that the probability of simultaneous burnout of the lamp thread in several places is very small. This means that the lamp, having lost the integrity of the spiral, continued to shine until the chain exploded in yet another place. This phenomenon occurs in most cases when the incandescent lamps are switched on, which are included in the 220V, 50Hz network.
We conducted an experiment in which standard incandescent lamps 220V, 60W were connected to the secondary winding of the step-up transformer. At idle, the transformer produced a voltage of about 300V. In the experiment, 20 incandescent lamps were used. It turned out that most of the incandescent lamps burned out in two or more places, and not only the spiral burned out, but also the current-conducting conductors inside the lamp. In this case, after the first rupture of the circuit, the lamps continued to shine for a long time even more vividly than before burning out. The lamp glowed until another part of the circuit burned out. The internal circuit of one lamp in our experiment was burnt in four places! At the same time, the spiral burned in two places and, apart from the spiral, both of the electrodes inside the lamp burned out. The results of the experiment are shown in Table 1.

Table 1

Experiments on wireless power transmission

Scientists around the world are working on solving the problem of wireless energy transmission. The microwave fields for wireless transmission of energy are mainly investigated. However, the microwave systems used are not safe for humans [5]. We give information about our experiments on the implementation of wireless transmission of electricity without the use of a microwave field. We investigated the possibility of transferring energy without wires to an electric motor.
In our experiments, the transmitter was a complex consisting of a power supply unit B5-47, a generator and a transformer. As a receiver, there was a special receiving unit for wireless power transmission, containing an electronic unit and an electric motor of a constant current IDR-6. Figure 7 shows a general view of the device for wireless power transmission.

Fig. 7. General view of the device for demonstrating wireless power transmission.

The electric motor is mounted on an electrically conductive platform, which, in turn, is installed on the body of insulating material (Fig. 8). Inside this case is an electronic node.

Fig. 8. A receiver for demonstrating wireless power transmission.

The electronic unit occupies a small volume inside the receiver housing and is made on a printed circuit board. The internal part of the receiver for wireless power transmission is shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 9. The interior of the receiving unit for demonstrating wireless power transmission.

When the transmitter was switched on, the rotation of the electric motor in the hands of the experimenter was observed. At the same time, neither the electric motor nor the platform was connected to the transmitter. In the case on which the platform with the engine is located, there were no power supplies. An increase in the rotational speed of the electric motor was observed with a decrease in the distance between the receiver and the transmitter. Figure 10 shows a fragment of the experiment, when the speed of the electric motor increased sharply if the electric motor was in the hands of two people.

Fig. 10. Increase the speed of rotation of the electric motor in the hands of two people.

Experiments showing the glow of an incandescent lamp in the hand

The glow of a gas-discharge lamp in the experimenter's hand when using an alternating electromagnetic field is a common occurrence. Unusual is the glow in the hand of the incandescent lamp, to which only one wire is connected. The red-hot spiral of the lamp in the hands of the experimenter at a time when two wires are not connected to the lamp undoubtedly provokes interest. It is known that Nikola Tesla demonstrated a luminous lamp in his hand. We could not find descriptions of this experiment, so we developed our device schematics. Below are the results of our experiments, during which the glow of an incandescent lamp was observed in the experimenter's hand. Fig. 11a and Fig. 11b show the variants of the device for demonstrating the glow of an incandescent 220V lamp in the hand.

a

B

Fig. 11. Variants of the device for demonstrating the glow of an incandescent lamp in the hand.

In experiments demonstrating the glow of an incandescent lamp in the hand, the "Avramenko plug" is not used and receiver units used for demonstrating single-wire and wireless power transmission are not used. The glow of the lamp in the hand is provided by electronic components and due to the design features of the devices.
Fig. 12 and Fig. 13 show close-up photographs showing glow of incandescent lamps 220V, 15W and 220V, 25W in the hand of the experimenter. The lamps are not included in the closed circuit. The brightness of the glow was the greater, the higher the voltage level was applied to the generator. In order to ensure the safety of the experiment, a voltage was applied to the generator, which ensures the burning of the lamps at approximately half the glow.

Fig. 12. The glow of the incandescent lamp is 220V, 15W in the hand.

Fig. 13. Illumination of the incandescent lamp 220V, 25W in the hand.

In the photographs (Fig. 12 and Fig. 13), at the bottom, a conductor is seen that is connected by one wire to the generator. Only one contact of the lamp socket is carried to the conductor. The other lamp contact remains unconnected. Thus, one wire from the generator is connected to the lamp.

Perhaps Nikola Teslypo's experiments on energy transfer were somewhat similar to the experiments we conducted. At least experiments show that wireless and single-wire power transmission have real prospects.

print version
Authors: Kosinov NV, Garbaruk VI
PS The material is protected.
Date of publication 23.01.2004гг

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