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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2240294
METHOD FOR PRODUCING A WALL CERAMIC PRODUCTS
Name of the inventor: Gabidullin MG (RU); Rakhimov RZ (RU); Garipov RR (RU); Mavlyuberdinov AR (RU); Fayez RU (RU); Zaripov TI (RU); Valiullin RG (RU); Gorbach RM (RU); Arslanov SH.YU. (RU)
The name of the patentee: Kazan State Architecture and Construction Academy KGASA (RU)
Address for correspondence: 420043, Kazan, st. Green, 1, KGASA, FEC
Starting date of the patent: 2003.02.14
The invention relates to the building materials industry and can be used for the production of ceramic bricks, blocks and stones. A method of manufacturing ceramic products wall comprises preparing a mixture containing the clay brick, scorch additive in an amount up to 20-56% of the volume of the charge treated with 10% sodium hydroxide podmylnogo, plastic molding, drying and firing. The batch is further added in an amount of liquor podmylny 1.3-1.7% by weight of clay. The invention allows to obtain hollow-porous ceramic bricks with a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3 of medium, moderate and low-plasticity clay.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention refers to building materials industry, and can be used for the production of ceramic bricks, stones and blocks, especially porous hollow.
A method for manufacturing ceramic wall materials [Sedliacek Z. Moznostivysokol ahcenytoholv SST, npv Zavoge Martin, Ahlarsky spravodaj. - 1988], in which, to reduce the average density and thermal conductivity as additive emaciated administered sawdust that are secondary products of wood plants.
The disadvantage is that by increasing the amount of sawdust in the charge is a sharp decline in the formability of raw and strength porous crock that does not yield crock with a density less than 1300 kg / m 3 and the hollow-porous brick (stone block) having an apparent density less than 1000 kg / m 3.
A method for manufacturing ceramic products [patent №2082692, publ. 06.27.97, Bul. №18], wherein in order to reduce the average density shard to 1300 kg / m 3 offers administered compositions based maloplastichnyh batches of raw clay (plasticity = 7) the large number of additive burnable mixture consisting of wood chips and activated sludge to 50% in terms of dry matter relative to the clay raw material. Here, the introduction of the activated sludge enhances the plasticity of the batch, which is very important for low-plasticity clays, since the introduction of wood chips, especially in large quantities leads to almost linear decrease in ductility and to reduce, or eliminate formability brick.
The disadvantage of this method is the large amount of sludge injected (up to 50% by weight) of the clay flow. Extraction of silt is associated with significant costs for its development, transportation, labor-intensive production and its subsequent drying. For this reason, the use of sludge in the ceramics industry has not found wide practical application and this method is implemented mainly only in the laboratory. In addition, the sludge is not homogeneous in composition and has not in all regions of the country.
The prototype of the invention is a method of making a charge for the production of ceramic products [Kulikov OL A method for increasing the strength of the porous ceramic bricks // Construction Materials, 1995, №11, s.18-19], wherein in order to reduce the average density and the thermal conductivity of bricks as a burnable additives used sawdust, which are pre-strength to improve crock treated a sodium-containing additive.
The disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow a crock with a density of less than 1300 kg / m 3 and hollow-porous ceramic products with an apparent density of less than 1000 kg / m 3 in the medium, moderate and low-plasticity clay brick, since the introduction of large amount of burnable additives occurs plasticity reduction of the charge and is impossible to mold a mixture of raw bricks due to the low strength of the plastic.
The invention is aimed at creating opportunities through the medium, moderate and low-plasticity clay hollow bricks, porous bricks, stones and blocks with a density of less than 1000 kg / m 3.
The result achieved by the method for manufacturing a ceramic wall products comprising mixing batch containing clay brick, and treated with a sodium component additive burnable, plastic molding, drying and calcination, as a burnable additives are used in an amount of buckwheat hulls to 20-56% of the charge, as sodium-component additive burnable processing using 10% aqueous podmylnogo liquor (liquid byproduct of soap manufacturing), moreover, the charge additionally introduced podmylny liquor in an amount of 1.3-1.7% by weight of clay, based on the dry substance.
The result is achieved by the fact that for sredneplastichnoy clay buckwheat hulls administered to 55-56% of the charge volume for umerennoplastichnoy clay - to 40-43%, and maloplastichnyh - up to 20-22%.
As the main raw materials used clay brick barn-Chekurchinskogo, Shelangovskogo Koschakovskogo and RT fields.
Sredneplastichnaya clay Saray Chekurchinskogo field appearance is a lot of earthy light brown. This clay is low-dispersion; low in carbonate inclusions (weakly effervescence upon exposure of a 10% HCl solution); high sensitivity (sensitivity to drying by the method of Chizhskogo 70); fusible (t = 1240 ° C); career with humidity of 20-25%.
Umerennoplastichnaya Shelangovskogo clay deposits in appearance is the earthy weight from light to dark brown in color. This low dispersion with a low clay content carbonate inclusions (weakly effervescence upon exposure of a 10% HCl solution); high sensitivity (sensitivity to drying by Chizhskomu 56); fusible (t = 1300 ° C) with a humidity of 20-25% career.
Maloplastichnyh Koschakovskogo clay deposits in appearance is a lot of earthy light brown. This low dispersion with a low clay content carbonate inclusions (weakly effervescence upon exposure of a 10% HCl solution); high sensitivity (sensitivity to drying by the method of Chizhskogo 60); fusible (t = 1330 ° C); career with humidity of 20-25%.
The properties of clays are presented in Table 1.
The additives used in agricultural processing waste (buckwheat husk) and the production of soap (podmylny liquor).
Buckwheat hulls is a particulate material, highly uniform size granules and bulk density. For the manufacture of ceramic samples used Buinsky byproduct of agro-enterprises (Buinsk, RT). The average value of bulk density in a natural condition is equal to 160-170 kg / m 3. Granulation buckwheat hulls shown in Table 2.
Podmylny liquor - waste soap industries. For the manufacture of ceramic samples used by-product of chemical plant them. Vakhitova (Kazan). It consists of, by mass% fatty acid - less than 1;. NaCl - 15 ... 26; free caustic alkali - 1,2 ... 2,1; free carbonic soda - 1.5 ... 1.9; water - the rest.
The method of manufacturing the ceramic wall material is as follows. Buckwheat hulls container preincubated with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide podmylnogo (PG) for 24-48 hours with periodic or continuous stirring for uniform impregnation. Then buckwheat hulls were recovered from the vessel and held for 12-24 hours at a temperature in screens 35-80 ° C to remove the excess of PG, but also its drying.
Then the batch was administered in an amount of PG 1.3-1.7% by weight of clay and an activated additive burnable (buckwheat hulls) in an amount of up to 20-56% in volume of the charge depending on the plasticity of clay brick. For low-plasticity clay buckwheat hulls administered in an amount of up to 20-22% of the charge amount umerennoplastichnoy - sredneplastichnoy and 40-43 - 55-56%. The mixture is moistened to 18-20% moisture molding, stirred it is aged for 72 hours, after which the batch was determined ductility and molded samples cubes measuring 50 × 50 × 50 mm, which were then dried for 12 hours and calcined at 950 ° C. After firing, the control samples were tested, the results of which are presented in Table 3.
From Table 3 it is seen that the average density of the hollow brick at least 1000 kg / m 3. The increase in the amount of introduced sredneplastichnuyu, moderately ductile and maloplastichnyh podmylnogo liquor clay in an amount up to 1.5% by weight of the clay results in an increase crock strength in the first case is 43%, the second 22%, and the third - 24% .
CLAIM
1. A method of manufacturing ceramic wall products comprising mixing batch containing clay brick, and treated with a sodium component additive burnable, plastic molding, drying and calcining, characterized in that the additives are used as a burnable buckwheat husks in an amount of 20-56% of the charge, in a sodium-containing component for processing additive burnable use 10% aqueous solution podmylnogo liquor (liquid byproduct of soap manufacturing), moreover, the charge additionally introduced podmylny liquor in an amount of 1.3-1.7% by weight of clay.
2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that clay sredneplastichnoy buckwheat hulls added in an amount of 55-56% by volume of the charge to moderately plastic clay - 40-43%, and maloplastichnyh - 20-22%.
print version
Publication date 21.12.2006gg
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