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INVENTION
Russian Federation Patent RU2279567
WIND TURBINES
Name of the inventor: Elder M. Dillin (US)
The name of the patentee: HEDVINDZ CORPORATION (US)
Address for correspondence: 129010, Moscow, ul. Boris Spassky, 25, p.3, Ltd. "Gorodissky and Partners", pat.pov. S.A.Dorofeevu
Starting date of the patent: 2001.09.26
The invention relates to wind energy, namely wind turbines, by using long vertical axis of the large columns of air to convert the air flow energy into mechanical energy. The technical result is to increase the index of conversion of kinetic wind energy into mechanical energy, and the creation of cheap alternative energy source in any wind, from weak to storm. The wind turbine comprises collecting wind the base on the underside and the upper surface defining a portion in which a portion of the bottom surface more than the upper, and the upper surface comprises transmitting energy element that collects wind the base is designed as a tapering up base with an inclination angle, and the turbine comprises a shaft with upper and the lower end of rotating around a vertical axis using energy device, a top and a bottom plate, a plurality of vertically oriented, creating torque elements and flat vetronapravlyayuschih elements open the cover, the upper screen, and the elements of the turbine are made of lightweight materials, namely honeycomb sandwich panels of, for example, an aramid fiber. Manufacturing a second embodiment of a wind turbine.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved wind turbine having a vertical axis, with a high index of converting the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy. Turbines with vertical axis usually have a long axis that allows the use of large columns of air. These devices differ from the wind turbines with horizontal axis (propeller type), which typically rotate about a vertical axis so as to be facing into the wind. The improvement of the invention is the use of lightweight materials for the manufacture of wind turbine components. Preferred lightweight materials such as non-metallic composite sandwich panels. Turbine with vertical axis according to this invention are intended for use as an alternative energy source effective under all wind conditions.
The use of wind as an energy source is an idea that has been discussed for some time. According to one source, there is evidence suggesting that wind turbines were used in Babylon and in China for over 2,000 years BC. Patent and Trademark Office issued US patents for wind turbines since the mid-1800s. Despite the continued research and development in this area of the old technology, to date there are no wind turbines or wind turbines, which have been successfully addressed some of the most important problems which appear to make the use of wind economically disadvantageous. Although the wind, no doubt, is a major potential source of energy, estimated in the US to about 5 kW per acre rate of impermanence makes it an unreliable source. For power generation the basis of many devices, such as described in US Patent №4850792 (Yeoman), 4,035,658 (Diggs) and 2,406,268 (Terhune), put the ability to capture the winds light to moderate. In other devices, similar to those shown in U.S. Patent №4834610 (Bond) and 4075500 (Oman et al.), The latter relates to a turbine with a horizontal axis, made use of a variable speed wind with sophisticated speed controls. At present, the applicant is unknown device, which could be successfully used as a weak and a strong wind to produce energy. For purposes of this review are characterized by strong winds as streams, having an average speed in excess of 45 miles / h with gusts in excess of 60 miles / h. Many devices are designed so that when the wind reaches a certain level, are added and / or transferred into the vane mode. Such devices are shown in US Patent №4818181 (Kodric), 4,632,637 (Traudt) and 3,942,909 (Yengst). Although the use of these techniques is supposed to preserve the structural integrity of a wind turbine, but the device's ability to produce energy is reduced. In other devices, for example in US Patent №5391926 (Staley and Elder) attempted to use to generate power strong wind coming from any direction, but the winds are light to moderate is not able to create a torque sufficient to secure continuous energy generation. Before the advent of the present invention, those skilled in the art to which the invention alternating directions wind energy source was unusable.
In recent years attempting to use wind energy by means actuated by wind power generators of all sorts. When designing some devices, efforts are focusing on providing work in a range of winds light to moderate, and they occasionally broke down due to happen from time to strong winds of time, while others have worked well in the range of winds moderate to strong with little success or unsuccessful use of wind low speed. No prototype efficiently extracting useful energy from wind in the range from mild to wind storm wind. Perhaps one of the most important causes of all wind turbines is made in the absence of structural integrity of typical wind devices. Many of the designs are made with light, fixed enough and of not satisfying the requirements of materials. A number of such devices includes a large number of moving parts, such as rotors, stators, pinwheels, screens, etc. These parts are not only degrade the integrity of the machine, but also require continuous maintenance, repair and / or replacement. For such an apparatus which can produce only a few kilowatts of power, the costs begin to outweigh the benefits. Another concept is widely used in the manufacture of large multi-storey wind turbines capable of producing energy in the megawatt range. Two such devices are shown in U.S. Patents №3902072 (Quinn), and 3,994,621 (Bogie). It is believed that the cost of these devices will be about $ 100 million to produce and hundreds of thousands every year for maintenance. Another example is the 1.25 MW power generator, which was installed near Rutland, Vermont. It is considered the largest wind turbine ever built in the United States, who had two main rotor blades, each with a diameter of 175 feet. This setup has worked intermittently in the period from 1941 to 1945, during World War II, when most of the resources used for war. In 1945, one of the blades broke due to fatigue and never recovered, apparently due to the loss of economic efficiency. Similarly, smaller installations such large devices become prohibitively expensive with increasing size. The present invention solves this second problem by developing a low-cost, maintenance-free small volume, cost-effective wind turbine. Although some aspects of the design are known to the present invention by a combination of elements, new and old, are not commercially viable product has been created.
Of course, not only the variable wind speed prevents the use of the kinetic energy of the wind. Another area of research and development is the direction of the wind. Wind currents are typically unpredictable, and because of the topography of disturbances in the upper layers of air, changing weather conditions or due to seasonal variations, they rarely occur in the same direction for a considerable period of time. For this reason effective wind machines must be able to catch the wind from all 360 °. There have been attempts to solve this problem in some devices using rotary screens or vetronapravlyayuschih and stator blades. This approach is used in US Patent №4474529 (Kinsey), 537 494 (Stevens et al.), In Yengst patent and many other devices. As previously mentioned, additional moving parts usually impair economic efficiency. The non scope of the present invention horizontal-axis machines typically provided only rotation of the rotor assembly so that it can be turned against the wind. In other designs leave the rotor assembly open (that is not used vetronapravlyayuschie stators or vanes) so that air flows from any horizontal direction may cause rotation of the rotor assembly. Thus, the rotor is left fully open for the hard and the damaging effects of wind. Once again, the present invention solves this problem by capturing the wind within 360 ° in all wind conditions.
One important application of a wind turbine able to respond to wind from all directions, has a variable rate, it is to use it as a power generator on top of tall buildings. One reason for this is that wind velocity typically increases with altitude relative to the ground. For example, the wind speed on the roof of 36-storey building in an average of 18 miles / h higher than the earth, and on the roof of 70-storey building is usually above 45 miles / h. For example, the wind speed at the top of the building Sears Tower in Chicago, Illinois, with an average of 70 miles / h. Obviously, such a wind on the roofs of tall buildings is a potential source of energy. The wind turbine large enough for it to be cost effective when mounted on a high building roof, has a height of about 20 feet and a width of 20 feet. A wind turbine of this size, made of traditional materials such as steel sheets 1/2 inch thick would weigh about 28,000 pounds, and additional bracing required to hold the turbine in place will have a mass of about 60,000 pounds. A problem with a turbine of this size, is that it would unresponsive to light wind, it will be required to wind at a speed of at least 18 miles / hr to start rotating. Furthermore, with the start of rotation of a gyroscopic effect associated with the turbine, which increases with increasing rotational speed, and in the building in response to torque turbine additional voltage will occur. In addition, in the case of traditional materials such as steel, due to their thermal conductivity, the turbine blades of the ice will be formed, which will adversely affect the smooth flow of air flow through the turbine.
Various embodiments of the present invention are directed to solving these and other problems and to overcome the many limitations encountered by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. In many devices, and methods used by folding or feathering Shifting in a strong wind, and therefore they can not be realized the potential energy of the strong winds. In others, such as the patent Staley and Elder, attempted to draw attention to the destructive characteristics of strong winds by increasing the structural integrity and long-term strength at the expense of sacrificing the ability to generate sufficient torque in the wind speed range from low to moderate. But uneconomical to produce a wind turbine that can only produce mechanical power during periods of high winds. Turbine to be commercially viable, the entire range of wind conditions must be fully used. Furthermore, there are problems such as high cost and maintenance in a large volume, but these problems are not properly solved by those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. Though the wind at high speed is a well known natural phenomenon associated with high kinetic energy, its importance in the development of wind turbines with a vertical axis, not only to a certain extent ignored, but often it is viewed as harmful. Ideas in the prior art are far from the present invention and consist in giving strength and mounting the rotor stator curvature. Instead of developing a system that only allows a further improvement in performance compared to the prior art, the present invention utilizes techniques which were not previously considered possible to obtain a sharp jump in performance compared to the prior art. Furthermore, the present invention achieved better utilization previously underutilized remarkable natural source - the wind.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention discloses an improved wind turbine which provides enhanced conversion rate of wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy and which operates in all wind conditions, for example at a speed of up to 130 miles / hr, and frequently changing wind directions. The improvement comprises the use of modern lightweight structural materials such as lightweight composite laminates to reduce the mass of the heavy turbine and the improved thermal properties of such materials help to reduce tendency of ice formation on the blades of the turbine. Nonmetallic materials such as fiberglass or composite materials based on carbon fiber are as strong as steel but have only a fraction of its weight. The preferred materials are honeycomb sandwich panels that typically have a honeycomb core made of aramid fiber with various non-metallic cladding layers, such as epoxy, fiberglass, phenolic, and Kevlar. Alternatively, light metals such as aluminum can be used in a cellular core structure. Facing layers may be laminated.
The wind turbine and provides reliable and effective means for directing air flow into and out of the cell rotor assembly. Instead of developing a system that allows only a further improvement in performance and design over the prior art, the present invention utilizes combinations and techniques which were not previously considered possible to obtain characteristics unparalleled in the art. To optimize the potential of energy production through the use of energy of the strong winds, and a weak and moderate winds, and in order to optimize the entry and release of the air flow while ensuring the capture of air streams from any given direction, the work of the present invention is carried out with a minimum number of moving parts.
In general terms, the invention involves various embodiments of a wind turbine with a vertical axis. Numerous elements of the device to solve various problems, but when combined they provide improved performance mentioned above. In the preferred embodiment disclosed fixed stator designed for more efficient flow direction in the rotary cell node to report the higher speed and larger torque of the turbine shaft through some torque generating elements such as the rotor blades. In addition, the stationary stators provide a structural integrity necessary for operation during high wind on. This aspect of the breach and prevented rotation by shielding the rotors air flows from the opposite direction, which can happen when the wind turns. The proposed wind turbine blade comprises a stator, which are arranged straight, and wherein the stator blades are tilted at an optimum angle so that they have minimal effect on the loss of wind kinetic energy.
It is essential that the invention is perfect retreat from the more observant in the use of the wind. In the present invention these problems are solved by the discovery and use of the potential energy of the wind and by the design of the installation, the destructive effects of these winds during normal operation.
Thus, the present invention provides a turbine with a vertical axis for all wind directions that can be used in many different environments, including on top of tall buildings. The claimed invention using wind as an alternative energy source is performed work on the transformation of wind currents into mechanical energy, and this energy can be transferred further from the turbine for use by a direct effect on the water pump, or to drive an electrical generator movement (or, more generally, device that uses energy). The turbine may be equipped with a certain number of rotors and stators which interact during operation with variable wind currents. In addition, a minimum number of moving parts, which increases the reliability, simplifies maintenance and reduces manufacturing costs.
The task of the present invention is to provide a wind turbine design and construction which can be operated with high efficiency under various wind conditions. Such modes include, but are not limited to, winds from any direction having a horizontal component, even in the case where the wind direction is changed frequently, a wind, reaching a speed of 130 miles / hr or more, and winds with continuously changing speed. The problem is that the present invention has been workable during the existence of such conditions without any need for the use of folding or feathering in transition, or speed control or braking system.
Another object of the present invention is to provide an improved structure which can immediately perceive the wind from any direction having a horizontal component, as stated earlier. The challenge is to immediate readiness of the present invention is achieved with no moving parts.
Therefore, object of the present invention is to provide a structure in which a minimum number of moving parts is used to increase reliability. The problem lies in the fact that the need for maintenance and replacement of parts is minimized, and the durability of the entire system is largely increased. Also, an object of this invention to provide an improved wind turbine which can be used in a variety of environments, including on top of tall buildings, and in which the turbine elements are resistant to the formation of ice.
Naturally, further objects of the invention are disclosed elsewhere in the specification and claims.
the above problem is solved in that an improved lightweight wind turbine with a rotation around the vertical axis, having a higher index of converting kinetic wind energy into usable energy. Turbine according to the invention comprises:
a. collecting wind a base with a bottom surface defining portion and the upper surface defining a portion in which the bottom surface area is larger than the portion of the upper surface, and wherein the upper surface comprises transmitting energy element and wherein the collecting wind the base is tapered upward base having a tilt angle to the direction of wind flows smoothly;
b. rotating the shaft about a vertical axis with an upper end and a lower end, the lower end is operatively connected to the energy transmitting element;
from. using the energy device, sensing the movement of said shaft by means of transmitting the energy the upper surface of the base element;
d. an upper plate secured near the upper end of the rotating shaft around the vertical axis;
. Ie the bottom plate, which defines a diameter and is attached to the rotating shaft around the vertical axis in place over the upper surface of the base;
f. a plurality of vertically oriented, creating torque elements having outer edges and inner edges which are located circumferentially around rotating around the vertical axis of the shaft between the upper plate and the lower plate and attached at its ends to the circular top plate and a circular bottom plate to form a cell assembly ;
g. a plurality of vertically oriented flat vetronapravlyayuschih elements arranged along a contour around the cell site and adjacent to the outer edges of the vertically oriented flat, creating a torque elements;
h. an open cover comprising concentric roller cage comprising two lateral supports; and
i. an upper screen having a central point of rotation and an outer end of the lateral supports open lid,
wherein the wind turbine elements are constructed from lightweight materials that enhance the indicator enables conversion of wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy by the wind turbine.
Rotating about the vertical axis of the shaft assembly is made receptive cell movement so that it rotates at least partially by the wind directed cellular host. Each of a plurality of vertically oriented torque generating elements only attached to the top plate and a circular plate at their ends to form a cell assembly. Moreover, each of the elements which create torque has at least three differently oriented surface. Vetronapravlyayuschie flat elements attached to the substrate in the form of equidistant pairs.
Preferably the cover is open in the form of an open stator cage cover. Open the cover to the stator cell contains concentric cage roller, which have a central support and two circular side supports.
Preferably, the turbine comprises a turbine with long vertical axis, which is the turbine for flow from all directions.
The inventive turbine lightweight materials comprise sandwich panels comprising at least two outer facing layers and a honeycomb core connecting them so that cell honeycomb core extend substantially perpendicular to the facing layers. Each of the flat elements vetronapravlyayuschih bent at an angle of about 45 ° from a center point defined by rotating about a vertical axis shaft.
In another embodiment of the improved lightweight wind turbine rotating about a vertical axis, having a conversion rate higher wind kinetic energy into usable energy, comprising:
a. a base with a bottom surface defining portion and the upper surface defining a portion in which a portion of the bottom surface is larger than the portion of the upper surface, the upper surface comprises transmitting energy element and the base is narrowed up base having a tilt angle for smooth the direction of wind flow;
b. rotating the shaft about a vertical axis with an upper end and a lower end, the lower end is operatively connected to the energy transmitting element;
from. using the energy device, sensing the movement of said shaft by means of transmitting the energy the upper surface of the base element;
d. a top plate attached to a rotating shaft around a vertical axis;
. Ie the bottom plate, which defines a diameter and is attached to the rotating shaft around the vertical axis;
f. a plurality of vertically oriented flat creating torque elements having outer edges and inner edges which are located circumferentially around rotating around a vertical shaft in the space between the top plate and the bottom plate and are attached at their ends to the top plate and the bottom plate to form cell node;
g. a plurality of vertically oriented flat vetronapravlyayuschih elements arranged along a contour around the cell site and adjacent to the outer edges of the vertically oriented flat, creating a torque elements;
h. an open cover comprising concentric cage roller; and
i. Damping upper screen over the open lid, having a central pivot point and a convex front side surface with an outer end of the concentric collars Rolling above the lid open,
wherein the wind turbine elements are constructed from lightweight non-metallic material that provides the possibility of increasing index of converting kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy by the wind turbine.
In this case, light non-metallic materials comprise sandwich panels comprising at least two outer facing layers and a honeycomb core connecting them so that the honeycomb core cells extend perpendicular to the facing layers.
Damping upper screen further comprises screen outgoing air flow against the direction of the prevailing wind currents.
Wherein each of the flat elements vetronapravlyayuschih bent at an angle of about 45 ° from a center point defined by rotating about a vertical axis shaft.
Preferably, the turbine further comprises a wind vane of the upper screen, while the top screen damping is adapted to sense motion weathervane top of the screen.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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In the drawings:
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EXAMPLES
The following description and said drawings are to selected preferred embodiments of the present invention. Naturally, in the disclosed embodiments, changes may be made, however, fall within the scope and spirit of the present invention and the patent granted to the inventor.
The improvement of the invention is the use of lightweight materials, which enables more efficient conversion of wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy in the construction of wind turbine components. Such a design is particularly important for embodiments intended for use on the roofs of buildings. Nonmetallic materials such as fiberglass or composite materials based on carbon fibers having the same strength as steel, but only a part of its mass. The preferred materials are honeycomb sandwich panels produced for example Euro-Composites® Group, depicted in Figures 8A and 8B. These panels are typically a honeycomb core made of aramid fibers, and various metallic cladding layers, such as epoxy, fiberglass, phenolic, and Kevlar. As can be seen from the drawings, the honeycomb core extend perpendicular to the cell layers facing panels. A distinctive feature of the honeycomb core is a hexagonal cell type shown numbered (20) in Figure 8A, while Figure 8B illustrates another type of honeycomb core with a rectangular cell (21). Facing layers (22) are typically made laminated. Details regarding these materials, please visit Euro-Composites® Group, euro-composites.com, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Non-metallic carbon fibers are the preferred construction materials, but as an alternative light metals such as aluminum can be used in the manufacture of the honeycomb core.
As discussed above, the turbine with dimensions of 20 feet by 20 feet, made of 1/2-inch steel panels would weigh about 28,000 pounds, and additional bracing required for it. Turbine equivalent sized panels made of multilayer carbon fiber thickness from 3/4 to 7/8 inch would weigh only about 1,000 pounds, and additional bracing required for it. Rotation of the turbine with such a mass may start at a wind speed of only 5 miles / hr compared with a speed of 18 miles / hour required for an embodiment of the steel, and the rotation can be performed at a much higher angular velocity than in the case of the embodiment of steel. As compared with the embodiment of steel turbine having components made from the honeycomb sandwich panels can produce power at a light breeze, and at a stronger wind. In addition, an additional load on the building, due to the gyroscopic effect of the rotating turbine is reduced due to the small mass of the turbine of the cellular sandwich panels. In addition to this embodiment of the turbine of the cellular sandwich panels it is more efficient compared to the embodiment of the steel of the turbine. For example, the tests carried out on the turbine revealed that a steel turbine height of 2 feet and 4 feet in diameter operates with an efficiency of about 20.3%, ie about 20.3% converts kinetic wind energy into usable energy, such as electricity . Fiberglass turbine of the same size operates at an efficiency of about 25.1%, and a turbine manufactured using honeycomb sandwich panels produced by the Euro-Composites® Group, works with an efficiency of about 32.3%. Turbines are made of honeycomb sandwich panels, in contrast to steel turbine becomes more efficient with increasing size of the turbine, and possible efficiency up to 45%. Furthermore, materials in the form of honeycomb sandwich panels have a much lower coefficient of thermal conductivity than metals such as steel, and therefore, under normal operating conditions will not icing.
As can be seen from the drawings, the basic principles of the present invention may be implemented in many different ways. Figures 1 and 1A illustrate a preferred embodiment of the wind turbine (8) having a shaft (1) which is rotated by the rotor blades (2) attached to the top plate (3) of the rotor cells and the bottom plate (4) of the rotor cage, and further transmits the motion transmitting energy element (11) and uses the energy of the device (12) (both shown in or on the bottom). In one preferred embodiment the height of these rotor blades is 4 feet 8 inches but changes proportionally to a change of the size. In another preferred embodiment intended for use on top of tall buildings, the rotor blades have a height of at least 20 feet in diameter, 20 feet. Furthermore, in accordance with preferred embodiments of the present invention can be used from 2 to 5 blade elements. Feed air is compressed and directed to the rotor blades (2) by numerous stator blades (5), which can be made of lightweight materials, such as those described above. air flow directed diagonally downward is pressure perceived by rotor blades (2) by using for the stator cage cover open (10) that attaches the turbine (8) at least partially open top to form and increases the efficiency of the preliminary estimate by 20% than any of the prior turbine art. The flow of air tending to enter the turbine (8) against the prevailing wind direction and hence against the direction of movement of the rotors deviates upper screen (6). The top shield (6) has a central point of rotation and an outer end and moves around the open top of turbine (8) by using the central bearing (10A) side bearings (10B) and the holder (10C) rolling. Moving the top of the screen (6) in the leeward position contributes to the vane (7) of the upper screen. Figure 1B shows a second embodiment of the present invention, wherein the upper screen (6) is provided with a vane.
The top shield (6) creates on the leeward side of the turbine (8) with a smaller surface turbulence and increases the ability of the invention to release the air flow passing through the machine. At the same time, the upper screen (6) does not preclude the admission of the air flow from any direction. In the practice of the described elements are made using light materials described above.
Figures 2 and 2A show the rotor cage (1). Overall strength and structural integrity may be enhanced by the top plate (3) and bottom rotor cage plate (4) of the rotor cage.
It should be noted that the top plate (3) can be performed several curved for better compression and directing air or other fluid into the rotor cage. Reverse slope of the bottom plate (4) of the rotor cells can contribute to solving the same problem, but the upward pressure.
Only the top and bottom rotor cage plates may be attached to the shaft. This unique feature of the invention may facilitate easier access, higher utilization rate and facilitate release of air flow or other fluid. Structural integrity, and durability can be enhanced by mounting the rotor blades in two places rather than attachment directly to the rotor, as in the prior art.
Figure 3 shows the layout of the rotor blades (1) with respect to each other, and relative to the shaft (2). Attention must be paid to the space (3) between the shaft (2) and the inner edges of the rotor blades (1). Among the several features of this space is a substantial part of one embodiment of the invention. Firstly, by enabling some air flowing through the central part of the machine acts on the air on the lee side of the blade of the invention, adding to the pressure and facilitating release cycle. Due to the space between the shaft and the rotor can be achieved greater torque by promoting wind kinetic energy to the extra distance from the center point (ie from the shaft). When the flat surfaces of the rotor blades is possible power transmission and air flow of immediate rejection. In the case of curved or cupped surface (as described in the prior art) air entrapment can occur in the curvature and subsequent weakening of the forces of air flow. Although the arrangement shows a rotary cell in accordance with a preferred embodiment, but it should be mentioned that the arrangement changes may be made without departing from the broader aspects of the present invention.
air is deflected by the rotor blades may pass through the space between the shaft and the rotor blades to increase the index of manufacture of the invention. In a preferred embodiment, the space between the rotor blades and the shaft is changed in proportion to the unit.
Figures 4, 4A and 4B, the stator blades (5) are shown as disposed along the contour of rotor cage equidistant pairs. In the preferred embodiment 8 blades are shown, but without substantially departing from the broad aspect of the present invention may use more or fewer blades. Applicant has found that unlike the prior art which utilizes curved stator vanes, flat stator blades which are inclined from the central point, allow the air entering the turbine with less turbulence and hence with greater force. When you try to bend or change the direction of air flow (as done in the prior art by a curved stator blades) air flow force can significantly weaken. The flat stator vanes at air direction invention can have minimal effect on the kinetic energy loss. The stator vane has been tested at deflection angles of 30 to 60 ° in increments of 1 ° angle, and it was found that the optimum deflection angle from the center point for the stator blades is 45 °. Changing this angle by 1 ° can seriously degrade the performance of the turbine. For example, tests have shown that at a wind speed of 40 miles / hr and 44 ° angle of deflection will be less power output of 200 kW over a period of 24 hours, compared with when the stator vanes are at an angle of 45 °. Wind turbine designed to take all possible winds regardless of their speed and thus no need for damping or stator structure in reducing wind forces.
Figure 5 shows the location of the stator cage cover.
It forms part of the invention that allows the turbine to be virtually open top for incoming air flows. As for the wind turbine according to the embodiments, after fixing an appropriate turbine stator blades becomes structurally sound and capable of withstanding wind speeds in excess of 100 miles / h. The air flows entering the rotor cage that have a slightly downward thrust pass through the open top (between the wings rolling) and act on the rotor blades, causing their rotation. In the prior art only provided for the use of wind currents that moved horizontally, and therefore can be used only part of the air flow, which can operate in the new invention.
To ensure the structural stability of the stator cage cover may be formed as concentric struts. On the upper side of the concentric spacers are rolling cage, designed to accommodate the top of the screen supports.
Figures 6 and 7 show the top shield and top vane screen. Weather vane can be designed to create resistance, sufficient to rotate the top of the screen in the downwind position. Figure 1B shows a second embodiment in which the vane is not used.
After installation of the screen in the appropriate position with the air flow and the downward pressure may enter the wind turbine. (The simulation showed that the embodiment with an open top performance is improved by about 20%.) The top shield prevents conflicting invention entry into the air flow on the leeward side, which prevent rotation or release. The space between the top screen and the rotor cage can create a calm zone, which may improve the release characteristics of the invention and that possesses damping properties. The front side, or windward side, or the side, which is directed stream of the upper screen is made slightly convex with respect to the horizontal plane, which may prevent the vibration of the top of the screen during periods of strong winds. The central support (10A) of the upper screen (6) can permit free rotation, while the rollers or bearings (10B) resting on the concentric cage (10C) Rolling and can withstand the weight of the upper screen. The wind vane or tailplane top of the screen (7) can facilitate the movement of the top of the screen to a position against the wind and can improve screen stability during operation.
In addition, the total weight of components may be the total mass of the invention. While mass (i.e., weight) can be used to dampen or attenuate the vibration, but a new invention operates so smoothly that the structure manufactured using lightweight materials based on carbon fibers, will not be jeopardized disorders structural integrity, and the turbine can be placed on the roofs of existing buildings or in areas with fragile environments or in inaccessible areas where the installation of large equipment impossible.
As can be easily understood from the foregoing description, the basic principles of the present invention may be implemented in various ways. At realization provides for the use of lightweight materials in the construction of wind turbines and the like, and improved methods of using the kinetic energy made possible by the use of light structural materials and devices appropriate for energy efficiency. In this application, methods of use are disclosed as part of the results obtained through various devices described, including turbine components, and as steps which are inherent in the application. They are simply the natural result of the use of devices designed for this purpose and as described. In addition, although the number of devices is disclosed, it should be understood that they are not only implement particular methods, but may be varied in a number of ways. It is important that all of the foregoing, all these aspects have been understood and covered by this disclosure.
It should be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Additionally, such changes are assumed implicitly included in the description. However, they fall within the scope of this invention. Extensive disclosure, comprising two details illustrated embodiment, implied a great variety of embodiments, and a wide range of methods and processes and the like are encompassed by this disclosure.
Further, each of the various elements of the invention and the appended claims and may be performed in various ways. It should be understood that this disclosure includes each such variation, be it a change in any embodiment of an installation example, a method or process embodiment, or even merely a variation of any element of these. In particular, it should be understood that when the disclosure relates to elements of the invention, the formulation for each element may be represented by equivalent terms for terms of installation or process only if the identity function or result. Such equivalents, extensions or even more generic terms should be considered included in the description of each element or action. Такие термины могут быть заменены, когда желательно сделать явным потенциально широкий охват, правомочный для этого изобретения. Например, должно быть понятно, что все действия могут быть представлены средством для осуществления этого действия или элементом, который выполняет это действие. Аналогично должно быть понятно, что каждый раскрытый физический элемент включает в себя раскрытие действия, выполнению которого этот физический элемент способствует. Что касается этого последнего аспекта, то должно быть понятно, что раскрытие, например «экран», заключает в себе раскрытие операции «экранирования», независимо от того, ясно сказано об этом или нет, и наоборот, должно быть понятно, что в случае эффективного раскрытия операции «экранирования» такое раскрытие заключает в себе раскрытие «экрана» или даже «средства для экранирования».
Должно быть понятно, что такие изменения и альтернативные термины являются непосредственно включенными в описание.
Любые патенты, публикации или другие источники, упомянутые в этой заявке на патент, считаются включенными в нее посредством ссылки. В дополнение к этому должно быть понятно, что каждый использованный термин до применения в этой заявке несовместим с такой интерпретацией, общие словарные определения, используемые для каждого термина, и все толкования, альтернативные термины и синонимы, например содержащееся во втором издании Random house Webster's unabridged dictionary, включены в настоящую заявку посредством ссылки. Наконец, все источники, перечисленные в информационном отчете, поданном вместе с заявкой, включены в настоящую заявку посредством ссылки, однако поскольку для каждого вышеупомянутого материала объем, в котором такая информация или отчеты включены посредством ссылки, может быть сочтен несоответствующим патентованию этого/этих изобретения (изобретений), то такие материалы определенно не должны считаться составленными заявителем (заявителями).
Поэтому должно быть понятно, что заявитель (заявители) имеет защиту притязаний по меньшей мере на: (i) каждое устройство турбины, как раскрыто и описано в настоящей заявке, (ii) соответствующие способы, как раскрыты и описаны, (iii) аналогичные, эквивалентные устройства и способы и даже потенциальные варианты каждого из них, как описано, (iv) эти альтернативные конструкции, которые выполняют каждую из показанных функций, и раскрыты и описаны, (v) эти альтернативные конструкции и способы, посредством которых выполняется каждая из показанных функций, подразумеваются выполняющими функцию, которая раскрыта и описана, (vi) каждый признак, деталь и этап показаны как отдельные и независимые изобретения, (vii) область применения расширена благодаря раскрытым разнообразным устройствам или компонентам, (viii) раскрыты результаты, достигаемые благодаря таким устройствам или компонентам, (ix) раскрыты способы и установки, по существу описанные выше со ссылкой на все сопровождающие примеры, и (х) раскрыты различные комбинации и преобразования каждого из элементов. Далее переходное слово «содержащий» в случае, когда оно применяется, в соответствии с традиционной интерпретацией формулы изобретения используется для поддержания формулы изобретения в виде, допускающем поправку. Поэтому должно быть понятно, что если в контексте не требуется иное, то термин «содержат» или его изменения, такие, как «содержит» или «содержащий», предполагают включение определенного элемента или этапа либо группы элементов или этапов, но не исключение любого другого элемента или этапа либо группы элементов или этапов. Такие термины должны интерпретироваться в их самой широкой форме с тем, чтобы заявителю была предоставлена возможность самой широкой, легально допустимой защиты.
CLAIM
1. Усовершенствованная легкая ветровая турбина с вращением вокруг вертикальной оси, имеющая повышенный показатель преобразования кинетической энергии ветра в используемую энергию, содержащая
a. collecting wind a base with a bottom surface defining portion and the upper surface defining a portion in which the bottom surface area is larger than the portion of the top surface and wherein the upper surface comprises transmitting energy element and collecting wind the base is tapered upward base having angle for a smooth flow of wind direction;
b. rotating the shaft about a vertical axis with an upper end and a lower end, the lower end is operatively connected to the energy transmitting element;
from. using the energy device, sensing the movement of said shaft by means of transmitting the energy the upper surface of the base element;
d. an upper plate secured near the upper end of the rotating shaft around the vertical axis;
. Ie the bottom plate, which defines a diameter and is attached to the rotating shaft around the vertical axis in place over the upper surface of the base;
f. a plurality of vertically oriented, creating torque elements having outer edges and inner edges which are located circumferentially around rotating around the vertical axis of the shaft between the upper plate and the lower plate and attached at its ends to the circular top plate and a circular bottom plate to form a cell assembly ;
g. a plurality of vertically oriented flat vetronapravlyayuschih elements arranged along a contour around the cell site and adjacent to the outer edges of the vertically oriented flat, creating a torque elements;
h. an open cover comprising concentric roller cage comprising two lateral supports; and
i. an upper screen having a central point of rotation and an outer end of the lateral supports open lid,
wherein the wind turbine elements are constructed from lightweight materials that enhance the indicator enables conversion of wind kinetic energy into mechanical energy by the wind turbine.
2. A turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotary shaft around a vertical axis is made receptive cell assembly motion such that it rotates at least partially by the wind directed cellular host.
3. A turbine according to claim 1, wherein each of said plurality of vertically oriented torque generating elements only attached to the top plate and a circular plate at their ends to form a cell assembly.
4. A turbine according to claim 3, characterized in that each torque generating elements has at least three differently oriented surfaces.
5. A turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat elements vetronapravlyayuschie attached to the base in the form of equidistant pairs.
6. A turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the cover is open in the form of an open stator cage cover.
7. A turbine according to claim 6, wherein said open stator cage cover comprises concentric roller cage, which have a central support and two circular side bearings.
8. A turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine comprises a turbine with long vertical axis, which is the turbine for flow from all directions.
9. A turbine according to claim 1, wherein said lightweight materials comprise sandwich panels comprising at least two outer facing layers and a honeycomb core connecting them so that cell honeycomb core extend substantially perpendicular to the facing layers.
10. A turbine according to claim 9, characterized in that each of the flat elements vetronapravlyayuschih bent at an angle of about 45 ° from a center point defined by rotating about a vertical axis shaft.
11. An improved lightweight wind turbine rotating about a vertical axis, having a conversion rate higher wind kinetic energy into usable energy, comprising
a. a base with a bottom surface defining portion and the upper surface defining a portion in which the bottom surface area is larger than the portion of the upper surface, the upper surface comprises transmitting energy element and the base is narrowed up base having a tilt angle for smooth direction wind flows;
b. rotating the shaft about a vertical axis with an upper end and a lower end, the lower end is operatively connected to the energy transmitting element;
from. using the energy device, sensing the movement of said shaft by means of transmitting the energy the upper surface of the base element;
d. a top plate attached to a rotating shaft around a vertical axis;
. Ie the bottom plate, which defines a diameter and is attached to the rotating shaft around the vertical axis;
f. a plurality of vertically oriented flat creating torque elements having outer edges and inner edges which are located circumferentially around rotating around a vertical shaft in the space between the top plate and the bottom plate and are attached at their ends to the top plate and the bottom plate to form cell node;
g. a plurality of vertically oriented flat vetronapravlyayuschih elements arranged along a contour around the cell site and adjacent to the outer edges of the vertically oriented flat, creating a torque elements;
h. an open cover comprising concentric cage roller; and
i. Damping upper screen over the open lid, having a central pivot point and a convex front side surface with an outer end of the concentric collars Rolling above the lid open,
wherein the wind turbine elements are constructed from lightweight non-metallic material that provides the possibility of increasing index of converting kinetic energy of wind into mechanical energy by the wind turbine.
12. A turbine according to claim 11, wherein the light non-metallic materials comprise sandwich panels comprising at least two outer facing layers and a honeycomb core connecting them so that the honeycomb core cells extend perpendicular to the facing layers.
13. A turbine according to claim 11, characterized in that the upper damping display screen further comprises exhaust air flow against the direction of the prevailing wind currents.
14. A turbine according to claim 11, characterized in that each of the flat elements vetronapravlyayuschih bent at an angle of about 45 ° from a center point defined by rotating about a vertical axis shaft.
15. A turbine according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a vane top screen, wherein the screen is made the upper damper to sense movement of the upper screen weathervanes.
print version
Publication date 02.02.2007gg
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