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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2284636
AUTONOMOUS INVERTER UNITS UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY
AC GENERATOR
The name of the inventor: Dmitriev Vladimir Sergeevich (RU); Karpov Sergey Ivanovich (RU); Kuroles Vladimir Kirillovich (RU); Savchuk Viktor Dmitrievich (RU); Trusov Vladimir Nikolaevich
The name of the patent owner: Open Joint-Stock Company "State Engineering Design Bureau" RAINBOW "named after AY BEREZNYAK"
Address for correspondence: 141980, Moscow Region, Dubna, ul. Zhukovsky, 2a, OAO "GosMKB" RAINBOW "named after AY Bereznyak", the patent department
Date of commencement of the patent: 2005.05.05
The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering and can be used in uninterruptible power units used, in particular, in wind power. The technical result is the expansion of the range of used capacities of unstable electric power sources and the stabilization of the generator frequency with varying wind energies. In a stand-alone inverter of an uninterruptible power supply unit with an alternator, thyristor bridges with diagonals of direct current are connected to a direct current source through a power transistor. It additionally introduces a capacitor array with a phase-locked loop of the network with n parallel connected circuits formed by the serial connection of the capacitor and the bidirectional key. The capacitance of each i + 1 capacitor is equal to two values of i capacitor. The control inputs of the bidirectional keys are connected to the binary outputs of the phase locked loop. The output winding of the generator and the capacitor matrix are included in the diagonal of alternating current of thyristor bridges.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to electrical engineering, more precisely to DC-to-variable voltage converters of a given frequency and shape, and can be used in uninterruptible power systems used, in particular, in wind power.
In wind power, autonomous inverters together with the alternator generate an uninterruptible power supply unit of the responsible consumer. In modes where the wind energy is sufficient for the load, the network is powered by the generator, when the wind energy falls below the rated power, the network is connected to the output of the inverter.
The closest to the proposed technical solution for the function and structure adopted for the prototype is the autonomous inverter-utility model No. 15241. The said inverter comprises a bridge thyristor circuit whose AC diagonal is loaded on the primary winding of the transformer, an additional thyristor pole connected so that with the first thyristor bridge of the working bridge they form a bridge with a capacitor in the output diagonal and the thyristors of the second column of the working bridge are shunted by reverse diodes, The diagonal of the direct current (input) of the thyristor bridge is connected to the direct current source through the transistor. This stand-alone inverter, together with the alternator, can only operate in a time-divided manner, as indicated above.
Essential signs of the technical solution-prototype, which coincide with the essential features of the proposed technical solution, are:
- Separate thyristor counter;
- the first thyristor bridge, one thyristor post of which is shunted by the reverse diodes, and the second thyristor pole together with a separate thyristor pole form the second thyristor bridge;
- power transistor, by means of which both thyristor bridges are connected to the DC source by diagonals of direct current;
- alternator (when running an autonomous inverter in an uninterruptible power supply).
Partial work on the network of an alternator or inverter is characterized by the fact that the energy of small winds is not used, in which the generator does not provide the required currents in the network. In addition, at higher wind energies, the generator rotational speed increases, which leads to an increase in the network frequency and additional devices must be introduced to stabilize the network.
The technical task, the solution of which is directed to the proposed solution, is to expand the range of used capacities of unstable electric power sources (for example, working winds), and use the latter to stabilize the generator frequency at varying wind energies. In other words - the expansion of functionality, and the elimination of the need to connect additional devices.
To solve this technical problem, an autonomous inverter of an uninterruptible power supply unit with an alternating current generator containing a separate thyristor rack, a first thyristor bridge, one thyristor pole of which is shunted by reverse diodes, and the second thyristor pole together with a separate thyristor pole form a second thyristor bridge, Bridge diagonal direct current connected to a direct current source via a power transistor, further comprising a capacitor array which is provided with a phase-locked loop, which contains n parallel connected circuits formed by the serial connection of a capacitor and a bi-directional key, the capacitor in the i-th circuit being twice the nominal value The capacitor in the i-1 circuit, and the control inputs of the bidirectional switches are connected to the binary outputs of the phase-locked loop, the output winding of the generator being directly connected to the diagonal of the alternating current of the first thyristor bridge, and the capacitor matrix to the alternating current diagonal of the second thyristor bridge.
Distinctive features of the proposed inverter are a capacitor array equipped with a phase-locked loop, which contains n parallel-connected circuits formed by the serial connection of a capacitor and a bi-directional key, with the capacitor rated in the i-th circuit equal to twice the nominal capacitor in the i-1 circuit, and the control The bidirectional key inputs are connected to the binary outputs of the phase locked loop, the output winding of the generator being directly connected to the AC diagonal of the first thyristor bridge, and the capacitor matrix to the alternating current diagonal of the second thyristor bridge.
As a result of the search for sources of patent and scientific and technical information, the set of characteristics characterizing the proposed autonomous inverter was not detected, thus, the proposed invention meets the criterion of "novelty".
Based on a comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the prior art on the sources of scientific, technical and patent literature, it can be argued that there is a non-obvious cause-and-effect relationship between the totality of features, including the distinctive features, and the functions performed and the goals achieved. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the technical solution does not explicitly follow from the state of the art, and, therefore, corresponds to the criterion of the "inventive level" guardability.
The proposed inverter can find application in autonomous power networks with unstable sources, for example, wind generator, AC industrial network. At the same time, there is no requirement, for example, for a wind turbine to ensure the constant speed of rotation due to the rotation of blades with a high frequency. This function is assumed by the proposed inverter. Thus, the invention corresponds to the criterion "industrially applicable".
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The invention is explained by a drawing which designates: a thyristor bridge circuit 1, a load (generator winding) 2, a switching transistor 3, a column 4 with series-connected thyristors, shunted reverse diodes, a separate thyristor column 5 with serially connected thyristors forming with a second thyristor bridge support 1 second thyristor bridge 7, capacitive (capacitor) matrix 6. Phase locked loop PLL frequency is not shown. The output diagonal of the thyristor bridge circuit 1 is connected to the load (generator winding) 2. The input diagonal of circuit 1 is connected to a direct current source through a switching transistor 3. The stand 4 with diodes VD1 and VD2 is connected in parallel with the thyristor bridge 1 and the middle point of the post 4 is connected to the first point of the output diagonal of the thyristor bridge 1. The second point of the output diagonal of the thyristor bridge 1 is connected to the middle point of the thyristor column 5 through the capacitive matrix 6. The capacitive matrix 6 is made up of n parallel-connected circuits, each of which is a serial connection of the capacitor C i and the bi-directional triac Vci. The capacitance of each i + 1 capacitor is equal to two values of i capacitor. Thus, the capacitive matrix is selected in the code 1-2-4-8 .... |
The proposed power circuit of the inverter is controlled by the known phase-locked loop (PLL) circuit. As a rule, the PLL circuit includes a master oscillator, a phase rectifier with a filter and a frequency generator controlled by voltage. The phase rectifier performs the function of comparing the frequencies of the master oscillator and the frequency of the voltage on the inverter load.
If the load of the inverter is an active-inductive load with an anti-emf, the frequency of the load voltage will be determined in the proposed inverter by the state of the capacitive matrix 6 and emf. Load 2.
We will show this. To do this, consider the switching processes in the circuit for the three load modes with an anti-emf. - an electric car of an alternating current.
Mode 1 . The electric machine is in generator mode (this corresponds to the condition when the power of the renewable energy source is greater than the power consumed from the network).
In this mode, VT1 is closed and the thyristor bridge 1, and the thyristor pole 5 with the capacitor matrix 6 and the reverse diodes of the rack 4 are disconnected from the battery.
Thyristors VS2 and VS4 are included. Then the electric machine, in addition to feeding the network, also spends energy to recharge the capacitive matrix 6 along the circuit: in one direction, the beginning of the winding H, the capacitor, the bi-directional key VCi, the diode VD3, VS2, the end of the winding K; In the other direction - end of winding K, VS4, VD4, bidirectional key VCi, capacitor Ci, beginning of winding. This shows that in this mode, a capacitor array 6 is connected in parallel to the network, which acts as an adjustable reactive load. The regulation is carried out by switching the bidirectional VCi keys. For the number of capacitors n, we have 2 n the number of stages of the reactive load. If the signal from the phase rectifier is converted into a binary code and this code controls the keys of the capacitor matrix 6, the capacitor bank will play the role of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO in the PLL), because parallel connection of the capacitors to the network changes the angle between the current and the mains voltage, which Affects the torque on the shaft of the electric machine of an alternating current, this in turn affects the speed of rotation of the machine shaft, which determines the frequency of the network.
Thus, it is shown that a switched capacitive matrix 6 plays the role of a voltage-controlled generator. The PLL circuit at the same time performs the function of the network frequency stabilizer.
Mode 2 . The machine is in the transition mode from generator to motor mode and vice versa.
In this mode, the power of the renewable source is on average equal to the rated power of the network, but because of the non-stationarity of this energy, the frequency of the voltage of the network oscillates.
The mode, when the network frequency is higher than the rated frequency, is considered above. Consider the mode of reducing the frequency of the network. At the same time, the power of the generator (the power of the electric machine) is not enough to power the network. For this case, the missing energy will be consumed from the DC source. In this case, the transistor VT1 begins to commute with the frequency of the master oscillator and the circuit operates as a conventional inverter circuit (prototype circuit). Additionally, depending on the network condition, the PLL circuit lowers the capacitance matrix capacitance value 6 to a level that ensures the locking of the VS1 and VS3 thyristors. The switching process in this mode goes via the VS1 circuit, the load, VS4, VT1 with the transition to the VS5 circuit, the capacitor Ci, the load, VS4, VT1 in one direction and VS2, the load, VS3, VT1 with the VS2 circuit, load, capacitor Ci , VS6, VT1 in the other direction. The transition from one mode to the other occurs with a delay of only half the network voltage.
Mode 3 . The capacity of the source of renewable energy (electric machine power) is substantially lower than the power consumed from the network.
In this case, the machine windings are disconnected from the inverter and the network supplies only the inverter, working as an inverter prototype. Thus, it is shown that, by controlling the capacitive matrix 6 by means of a phase-locked loop, in the proposed inverter with an active-inductive load with an anti-emf. It is possible to achieve network frequency stabilization.
As a matter of fact, a four-quadrant inverter is provided that ensures the operation of the electric machine in all its modes without interrupting the currents, which is very important for a network of responsible consumers.
CLAIM
The autonomous inverter of the uninterruptible power supply unit with an alternating current generator containing a separate thyristor rack, the first thyristor bridge, one thyristor pole of which is shunted by the reverse diodes, and the second thyristor pole together with a separate thyristor pole form the second thyristor bridge, while the two thyristor bridges are connected by diagonals of direct current To a DC power source through a power transistor, characterized in that it comprises a capacitor array which is provided with a phase-locked loop of the network and comprises n parallel connected circuits formed by the serial connection of the capacitor and the bidirectional switch, the capacitance of each capacitor i + 1 being equal to two denominations i Capacitor, and the control inputs of bidirectional switches are connected to the binary outputs of the phase locked loop, the output winding of the generator being directly connected to the diagonal of the alternating current of the first thyristor bridge, and the capacitor matrix to the diagonal of the alternating current of the second thyristor bridge.
print version
Publication date 17.02.2007gg
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