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WIND POWER PLANTS. Wind turbines
INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2124142

WIND POWER PLANT

WIND POWER PLANT

The name of the inventor: Orlov IS; Sobol EA; Egorov MA
The name of the patent owner: Orlov Igor Sergeevich; Sobol Emmanuil Abrahamovich; Egorov Mikhail Andreevich
Address for correspondence:
The effective date of the patent: 1998.03.25

Wind power plant refers to power engineering and provides conversion of wind energy into electrical or other energy. The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of known installations due to the stepwise conversion of the energy of air flows and is ensured by the fact that the wind power plant is designed as a power unit mounted on a support, comprising at least one turbine with a nozzle apparatus mechanically coupled to the generator, a central shell, an annular front Shell with at least one inlet channel of the turbine, forming with the central shell the output channel of the turbine, and an annular outer shell forming a diffuser outlet channel with the central envelope, the power unit being provided with an additional annular shell forming a narrowing-widening outer surfaces of the anterior and central shells The first intermediate channel communicating in the intermediate part with the turbine outlet channel, and with the inner surface of the outer shell, a second intermediate channel communicated together with the first intermediate channel with the diffuser outlet channel.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to power engineering and is a wind power plant, i.e. an installation for converting wind energy into electrical or other energy for use in industry, agriculture, and the like.

Wind power plants are known that use the kinetic energy of air currents by direct wind force on the blades of a wind wheel or a turbine [1].

To increase the efficiency of known plants, the inlet flow pressure is changed before the wind wheel by using diffusers and other structures of various geometric shapes that direct air flows.

Installations that transform the kinetic energy of air currents by directly affecting wind turbines, Dar'year rotors and others have a significant drawback - an uneven air flow that creates variable dynamic loads acts on the blade, which leads to instability in the parameters of the generated electric current.

Significant energy losses are associated with the use of multipliers to increase the rotor speed of the generator [1].

To increase the efficiency of wind power plants, it was proposed to use a double effect on the turbine of accelerated flow and rarefaction from the outlet channel [2].

The station described in the patent [2] comprises a turbine, an electric generator, an airflow supply unit to the turbine in the form of a confuser, and an airflow outlet beyond the turbine connected to the reduced pressure zone.

The air intake parts of the station form channels tapering in the middle part and configured to input external air flows from both sides. The separator distributes the airflow entering the channel through two channels - inlet and outlet. One stream through the inlet is directed with a rotation of 270 ° into the accumulation chamber, in which an electric generator, a multiplier and a turbine are installed. The exhaust pipe of the latter is located in the air exhaust chamber. The second stream, accelerating in the channel, creates a vacuum in the narrowing part of the channel and ensures the flow out of the discharge chamber through the duct system with several turns into the outlet.

In this station, there is a loss of energy in the flow entering the storage chamber and the turbine through the outlet, due to several flow turns creating uneven velocity fields, pressures and temperatures in the storage chamber. In addition, the blocking of the turbine inlet pipe by the multiplier increases the unevenness of the flow along the perimeter of the turbine inlet pipe. The presence of a multiplier also causes additional mechanical losses.

Uneven flow in the outlet chamber, turning the flow 270 ° from the outlet of the turbine to the outlet does not allow the conversion of air energy with high efficiency. Practical use of the described device in the stationary version with installation on the foundation is extremely limited due to the impossibility of orientation of the station when the direction of the wind changes.

The variant of the station mounted on the tower, described in the patent [2], does not provide its self-orientation towards the wind.

Such a design does not provide for the possibility of using energy flowing around the installation of air flows. In addition, the channels for input and output of the stream into the cameras are not located along the whole perimeter of the channel, but either on the side or in the center of the installation. For this reason, it is impossible to use the internal energy of the flow and its energy of pressure.

The wind power plant containing the outer shell, the central body mounted on the axis of symmetry of the device inside which the electric generator is placed [3] - the prototype is more perfect. On the generator shaft is mounted a turbine, in front of which there is a confuser. The annular gaps between the central body and the fairing, the inner surface of the outer shell and the outer surface of the fairing and the inner surface of the outer shell and the surface of the central body ensure an increase in the airflow velocity in the minimum sections of the channels and increase its kinetic energy by reducing its internal energy and pressure energy. The installation essentially has two stages that provide an increase in the flow rate with a corresponding drop in pressure in the minimum sections of the air channels. The acceleration of the flows in the minimum cross sections is carried out under the influence of the rarefaction energy at the bottom of the installation and due to the energy of the air flow entering the nozzle (the first stage) and under the influence of the rarefaction in the outlet section of the exhaust pipe of the air turbine and the energy of the air turbine entering the inlet nozzle (second stage ).

However, achieving a stable operating mode of this installation is possible only at sufficiently high wind flow rates.

In the present invention, this disadvantage is largely eliminated by the fact that in a wind power plant in the form of a power generating unit comprising at least one turbine with a nozzle apparatus mechanically coupled to one or more generators, a central shell, an annular front shell with at least One inlet channel of the turbine, forming the outlet channel of the turbine with the central shell, and the annular outer shell forming the diffuser exit channel with the central envelope, the power unit is provided with an additional annular shell forming with the outer surfaces of the front and central shells a narrowing-widening first intermediate channel, An intermediate part with an outlet channel of the turbine and, with the inner surface of the outer shell, a second intermediate channel communicating with the first intermediate channel with a diffuser outlet, the back edge of the outer shell coincides with its maximum diameter, the inlet channel and the turbine are located in the center of the front shell, Channels and turbines are located along the transverse perimeter in the front shell, the generator is equipped with a fairing and is located in front of the turbine, the generator is located behind the turbine in the central shell, the turbine is equipped with two or more generators, the output part of the additional shell is movable to change the cross-section of adjacent channels, Of the front shell is movable to change the cross-section of adjacent channels, at the trailing edge in the meridian plane, the angle of inclination of the tangent to the outer surface of the outer shell is 90-120 ° with respect to the plane of the bottom cut of this shell, the support is in the form of a hinge mounted on the top of the column, Which is located along the wind flow in front of the center of the wind pressure of the power unit, at least one of the shells is filled with a gas whose density is less than the density of the surrounding atmosphere, the support is made in the form of a cable fixed to the bow of the front shell, the cable is installed horizontally or obliquely and its ends are fixed to Artificial or natural heights, and wings are strengthened on the power unit.

WIND POWER PLANT WIND POWER PLANT
WIND POWER PLANT

In Fig. 1 represents the power unit of the wind power plant; In Fig. 2 - a variant of an energy unit with several turbines; In Fig. 3 is an axonometric view of the power unit of FIG. 2; In Fig. 4 - hinged fastening of the power unit on the column; In Fig. 5 - fastening to the cable of the power generating unit in the balloon design; In Fig. 6 - type of power generating unit with wings; In Fig. 7 - fastening of the power unit on a horizontal or inclined cable.

The wind power plant is made in the form of a power unit mounted on a support, containing at least one turbine 1 with a nozzle apparatus 2. The shaft of the turbine 1 is mechanically connected to the generator 3. By the term "generator", not only the electric current generator is to be understood here, but any device for conversion Mechanical energy in any kind of energy, convenient for use in specific circumstances. This can be, for example, a pump in a hydraulic drive system, an air drive compressor, etc. The power unit also includes a central shell 4, an annular front shell 5 with at least one inlet channel 6 of the turbine 1 forming the outlet channel 7 of the turbine 1 with the central shell 4 , And an annular outer shell 8 forming a diffuser outlet channel 9 with the central cladding 4. The special feature of the power unit is that it is provided with an additional annular shell 10 that forms with the outer surfaces of the front 5 and central 4 shells a wideningly widening first intermediate channel 11, In the intermediate part with the outlet channel 7 of the turbine 3 and with the inner surface of the outer shell 8 a second intermediate channel 12 communicating with the first intermediate channel 11 with the diffuser outlet channel 9. The rear edge 13 of the outer shell 8 coincides with its maximum diameter. In one embodiment (see FIG. 1), the inlet channel 6 and the turbine 1 are located in the center of the front shell 5. In another embodiment (see FIG. 2), the inlet channels 6 and the turbines 1 are arranged along a transverse perimeter in the front shell 5. The generator 3 can be located behind the turbine 1, but also in front of it. In the latter case, the generator 3 is provided with a fairing 14. In all variants, the turbine can be connected to one or more generators located both upstream and downstream of the turbine.

The output portion 15 of the additional shell 10 can be movable (i.e., rotations or axial movements) to vary the cross-section of the adjacent channels 11 and 12, and the output portion 16 of the front shell 5 is movable to vary the cross-section of the adjacent channels 7 and 11 Parts 15 and 16 can be designed to be adjustable, i.e. With swivel doors and spacers.

At the trailing edge 13 in the meridian plane, the angle The inclination of the tangent to the outer surface of the outer shell 8 is 90-120 ° relative to the plane of the bottom cut of this shell (see Fig. 1).

The support of the power generating unit can be made in the form of a hinge 18, for example cylindrical, mounted on the top of the column 17. The axis of rotation of the hinge is located along the wind flow in front and in one plane with the center of the wind pressure P of the power unit. P is the point of application of the resultant aerodynamic forces acting on the power unit when it flows around the wind flow. Such execution ensures the turn of the power generating unit to the wind at any direction of the latter.

At least one of the shells of the power unit can be filled with a gas whose density is less than the density of the surrounding atmosphere (ballooning). In this case, the support of the power unit can be made in the form of a cable 19, one end of which is fixed on the ground and the other on the nose of the front shell 5 (see Fig. 5). The cable 19 can be installed horizontally or obliquely, and its ends are fixed at artificial or natural heights (see Fig. 7). As shown in FIG. 6, wings 20 can be mounted on the power generating unit to create an additional lifting force in the wind.

The shells of the power unit are connected to a single structure by means of bridges 21 and 22, as shown in FIG.

The wind power plant works as follows.

A free air flow moving along the surface of the outer shell 8 of the plant, due to ejection, creates a vacuum at the bottom of the installation. Moreover, the zone of effective influence of this stream participating in creating a vacuum is at least one diameter of the bottom cut of the installation, i.e. In this process, an annular air flow is involved, the largest diameter of which is not less than three diameters of the bottom section of the installation. The energy of this stream can be determined using the first law of thermodynamics, or calculated from the formula for determining the elastic energy of the gas, or by other known methods.

The air flow entering the inlet section of the duct 12 has a certain energy reserve calculated by the known methods.

Under the influence of two energy flows from the side of the inlet channel and from the side of the bottom cut, the air flow in the minimum section of the channel 12 in the zone of the trailing edge 15 of the additional shell 10 reaches a maximum velocity, i.e. the kinetic energy of the flow increases sharply, and this process is associated with a decrease in the enthalpy Flow. Accordingly, as the velocity increases, the pressure in this section decreases, whose value is denoted by P <1. This pressure will be substantially lower than the pressure P 0 in the free flow. The pressure in the outlet section of channel 11 will be equal to P 1 . Consequently, two energies act on the air channel 11, one on the side of the outlet section of the channel 11, the other on the side of its inlet section. The vectors of the action of these energies on the flow coincide. The interaction of these energies will lead to a significant increase in the velocity in the minimum section of the channel 11 (in the zone of the trailing edge of the front shell 5) and the corresponding decrease in pressure in this zone. Thus, if it is conventionally assumed that the pressure in the outlet part of channel 12 is P 1 = 0.85-0.9 P 0 , then the pressure P 2 in the zone of the minimum section of channel 11 is P 2 = 0.7-0.75 P 0 .

The pressure in the outlet section of the air channel 6 and will be equal to P 2 . In the minimum section of the channel 6, an air turbine 1 with a directing nozzle device 2 is installed, and in this section (on the turbine) the airflow velocity due to the interaction of the energy of the air flow and rarefaction entering the channel 6 will reach a maximum value - local sound speed or close to it. The kinetic energy in the turbine 1 is a disposable work that will be converted into rotation of the turbine 1 and associated electric generators 3.

The processes of energy conversion in the channels of the installation are identical to the processes occurring in the Laval nozzles, and the minimum flow pressure in the working area of ​​the turbine will be equal to P 3 = 0.528 P 0 or somewhat higher depending on the free-flow velocity. Air turbines are efficient even at low pressure drops, and the unit will operate at free air speed V 0 = 5-7 m / s, but the amount of generated electricity will be less.

Thus, in the proposed wind power plant, unlike the analogues considered earlier (see [2] and [3]), it became possible to use the energy of wind streams flowing around the installation. And unlike the prototype [4], the stepwise conversion of the energy of air currents is more efficiently realized, due to the simultaneous interaction on the air flows in the channels both the energies entering the flow channels and the rarefaction energies in their output sections.

The proposed wind power plants are most effectively used in areas with high wind speeds, for example, on islands, seaside, in the mountains, etc.

Installations can be mounted in different versions (Fig. 7): on columns (towers), hung with garlands on cables, fixed on any supports (in a mountain gorge). In areas where the average wind speed is low, an aerostatic version of the installation can be used by filling its hermetic shells, for example with helium, or by using air heating inside the shells or using other known methods.

The existing level of development of electrical engineering makes it possible to use the high-speed electric generators commercially produced by the industry with practically no changes, and air turbines are serially produced complete with nozzle guiding devices, for example, air turbines of power plants of airplanes and other aircraft, turbine expanders, etc. It is expedient to make turbo-generator assemblies, ie, Full factory readiness to reduce the time and money spent on the installation of installations at the site of their operation. The weight of a high-speed electric generator with a power of 1000 kW does not exceed 700 kg, and the total weight of a turbo-generator unit of this power will be slightly more than one ton. Shells of plants can be made from various materials by long-established technologies, depending on the capacity and type of installation - composite materials, rolled aluminum alloys, plastics and other materials. Shells can be assembled from segments, inflatable, etc.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Wind power. Ed. D. de Renzo. - Moscow: Energoatomizdat, 1982, p.81-96.

2. Patent of Japan 62-11190, cl. F 03 D 1/00, 1987.

3. Description of the invention to the application PCT / RU 00131, publ. WIPO 06.11.97 (prototype).

CLAIM

1. A wind power plant in the form of a power unit mounted on a support, comprising at least one turbine with a nozzle device mechanically coupled to the generator, a central shell, an annular front shell with at least one turbine inlet channel forming a turbine outlet channel with a central shell, and And an annular outer shell forming a diffuser outlet channel with a central cladding, characterized in that the power unit is provided with an additional annular shell forming a wideningly widening first intermediate channel with the outer surfaces of the front and central shells communicating in the intermediate part with the turbine outlet channel and with the inner The outer shell surface is a second intermediate channel communicated together with the first intermediate channel with the diffuser outlet channel.

2. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the trailing edge of the outer shell coincides with its maximum diameter.

3. Installation according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inlet channel and the turbine are located in the center of the front shell.

4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet channels and turbines are located along the transverse perimeter in the front shell.

5. The plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator is provided with a fairing and is located in front of the turbine or behind a turbine in the central shell.

6. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the turbine is provided with two or more generators and they are located both in front of the turbine and behind it.

7. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the output part of the additional shell is movable to change the cross-section of adjacent channels.

8. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the output portion of the front shell is movable to vary the cross-section of adjacent channels.

9. An installation according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at the trailing edge in the meridian plane, the angle of inclination of the tangent to the outer surface of the outer shell is 90-120 ° with respect to the plane of the bottom cut of this shell.

10. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the support is made in the form of a hinge mounted on the top of the column, the axis of rotation of which is located along the wind flow in front of the center of the wind pressure of the power unit.

11. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the shells is filled with a gas whose density is less than the density of the atmosphere.

12. An installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the support is made in the form of a cable fixed to the nose of the front shell.

13. An installation according to claim 12, characterized in that the cable is installed horizontally or obliquely, and its ends are fixed at artificial or natural heights.

14. An installation as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the wings are strengthened on the power unit.

print version
Date of publication 30.01.2007gg