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INVENTION
Patent of the Russian Federation RU2171912

UNAVAILABLE ALL-SEASONAL HYDRO-POWER PLANT

The name of the inventor: Grigori Ivanovich Ozerov
The name of the patent holder: Ozerov Grigoriy Ivanovich
Address for correspondence: 460018, Orenburg, ul. A little-Melnichnaya, 38-A, ap. 32, GI. Ozerov
Date of commencement of the patent: 1999.10.04

The hydroelectric power plant is designed to convert the energy of the water flow into electrical energy at any time of the year. The device comprises a vertical rotor housing embedded in the flow, divided into drums with circumferentially spaced blades for uniform operation. There are three types of blades: internal folding, rotary stepped and vane. The latter rotate in the opposite direction from the drums, since they work on the oncoming branch of the stream. The rotation in a single direction is carried out by means of a device that is linked to the central rotor shaft and a multiplier. All parts and mechanisms are fixed in the cage, which is the basis for fixing the structure in the flow. The hydroelectric power station allows to increase the power and can be installed in the water flow at various depths.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to hydropower, in particular, to hydroelectric power stations that can be installed in a gravity flow of water at various depths and operate at any time of the year.

There is a group of hydropower plants where the principle of converting free water flow into rotary motion of a hydroelectric unit is realized either by creating a dynamical load with a high-speed pressure on the blade in the working part of the flow and lifting it out of the water, or folding in a counterflow, or by means of cutoff devices from another Parts of the blade, or with the help of shaped blades of different profiles, or figured blades of the propeller type. Improvements in performance, increased efficiency are achieved by optimizing the very design of the blade, the mechanisms of energy transfer, location in relation to the flow, the use of modern materials and. M. But the main main efforts of designers are to increase the blade under the influence in the flow, and in some hydraulic units part of the blade, to ensure that it works as much as possible, and the other blade or part of the blade does not interfere with the work. The solution of this problem is carried out by means of known:

- water wheels that remove the blade from the counterflow by raising it from the water;

- the water wheel (UK application No. 2048391, 1979), buried in water, in which the V-shaped blades located inside the wheel, when rotated, move along the guides, increasing or decreasing the resistance to flow, thereby achieving its rotation;

- "reduced" water wheel-conveyor, cleaning blade by raising them from the water or folding on the counterflow by means of special devices or self-folding, such as soft domes of parachutes (US Patent 3,867,817, 1975);

- there are a number of devices where the cable with the figured blades fixed on it is lowered into the water along the flow or across and by its unwinding energy is removed on the shore or on a floating device (an especially large group was given by the inventor VS Blinov);

- there are various channel hydrounits where the flow is concentrated through the chamber and passed to the working part of the shaped blade, while for the other part the counterflow is cut off due to overlapping of the part of the chamber with special devices;

- there are a number of hydraulic units with a vertical axis of rotation, such as a Daria blade rotor, or using the simplest cylinder design, as in the Savonius rotor.

The common drawbacks of the known devices are that, at their relatively large overall dimensions, they do not take all the energy of the flowing water with which they are in contact, have a low efficiency. An increase in the area of ​​the working blade does not proportionately increase the overall size of the structure, its weight, material consumption, strength calculations. Some advantages show "reduced" water wheels on a soft basis, which can work in the water column, and with some improvements, give out energy and from under the ice. But they also have a number of significant drawbacks. The increase in the number of blades in the flow does not significantly increase the power of the HPP, since to maximize the possible energy of each blade, it is necessary to increase the distance between them to avoid mutual influence, and as the distance between the blades increases, the total length of the soft "water wheel" Materials, but also increases the overall resistance to movement, the efficiency falls. And the longer such a soft, comparatively light "water wheel" or cable with a garland of curved blades, the more they fear the disturbances of the flow, the occurrence of undesirable oscillations, the more they are like a belt transmission of a pulley-the hydraulic wheel of the hydraulic unit. A soft base requires relatively complex attachment points for the blade to it. They can not be durable, require constant monitoring, maintenance and adjustment, therefore, can not become the basis for obtaining stable energy for industrial needs. Water wheels of the same rigid design have a reliable, strong blade, but due to the lifting of the blade outwards can not work constantly - freeze, ice drift on the vast majority of rivers stop them.

Deepened hydraulic units with rigid propeller, radial-axial turbines and the like for the realization of the aerodynamic effect ask for a higher flow velocity (V) than the gravity flow of water gives, and the very principle of operation is laid from pressure turbines or windmills. They, as it were, sputtered from them. In addition, this group can not be considered for obtaining industrial power from a gravity flow on the rivers because of the small depths there, and there is no interaction with the flow along the width and length. Their advantage over other hydrounits, especially of the "traction" type on a soft basis, having a high speed of rotation of the turbine, to have a smaller gear ratio in the multiplier for unwinding the electric generator shaft becomes less significant. And without reduction in a gravity flow and they, as a rule, can not do. Their "aerodynamic" effect is closely related to the speed of the current and the weight of the turbine - the lower the speed, the less weight is required, hence the lower the output power. Or, to increase the speed of rotation of the turbine, you have to reduce its weight, and due to the use of modern materials, although you will find the best option, the power can not be increased noticeably.

In this series, we should especially mention the so-called "helical turbine with spiral lobes" by the American inventor A. Gorlov (Izvestia newspaper, April 30, 1998). One can clearly see with what difficulty he is trying to solve these contradictions. In the Florida current with V 2 m / sec on a huge platform are forced to fasten 50,000 lightweight turbines of the babies (l = 0.84 m, d = 1.0 m, weight = 35 kg, N - 2.7 kV) capable of rotating 2-3 times faster than speed Flow (?!). If you take into account that they need 50 thousand power generators and conclusions from them on a single console, you can be surprised at the high cost of the project with the complexity of its tech. Service. The project raises doubts about practicality, although unlike the unsuccessful introduction of the same rotor of Stilman's "traction type" (with parachutes) - this is the creation of an antipode-turbine, working on the principle of only an aerodynamic effect. It should be taken into account that the rotor of Stilman could work even at V _n = 1.0 m / s and even less, while Gorlov is unlikely to like speed as a windmill. The one and the other can not be universal, since everyone works only on his principle, which is very different from each other, and stands at different poles.

Conclusion: the future has buried hydraulic units having a rigid construction with a rigid curvilinear moving blade, approximated in area to "traction" so far as strength calculations allow. The interaction of the flow with the blade (s) and its passage through the device, including the support, takes into account the forces acting on the principle of "aerodynamic" in favor of the blade. That is, the one and the other principle should be present, creating optimal conditions for the blade. But, all the same, the main thing must be "traction", since the gravity flow of water does not have those flow velocities, where the "aerodynamic" factor can manifest itself in full measure.

The closest in terms of technical nature to the claimed device is the device named "GAZ Ozerov's" All-Seasonless Hydroelectric Power Station, "chosen as the prototype," (patent No. 1836586 is registered in the State Inventory of the USSR on 13.10.1992), in which the vertical case is divided into drums And is mounted on the support with the possibility of rotation by the interaction of the rollers with the circular guides associated with the outer pivoting stepped opening blades, the rotation axes of which are offset relative to each other by the same angle. The main and standby power generators are fixed to the support and are connected to the casing and the gear wheel by a mechanical transmission. The inner part of the body is provided with grids, which are a continuation of the outer rotary blades, and fixed internal blades made of freely fixed flaps resting on the grate. The outer blades are installed with the provision of overlapping of the inner blades in the inoperative position and their earlier entry into operation.

The aim of the invention is to increase the capacity of the In-Bodied All-Season HPS by engaging the cut-off half of the flow, the so-called counter branch, with additional blades, and evenly distributing the load on the support and the rotor itself by applying active forces to the structure from all sides.

This goal is achieved because the rotor instead of rotating on a vertical support along the inner and outer circular guides, as in the prototype, rotates in the claimed device on the bearings of the central shaft, which is linked to the stand bearing the main role of the support of the product, on which only the outer round Guide for rollers, if this is required for strength calculations in other designs. At the expense of the central shaft and the stand, four or six (in a circle) rotating frames are supported, at the ends of which there are additional blades rotating on their axes, operating on the opposite branch of the stream according to the weathervane principle, and the force transferred from them to the other from the rotation of the drums to the side through the device Transmission of reverse rotation, is given in a single direction.

In the claimed device, the sequence and operating principle of the inner leaf and outer movable staggered blades of the prototype are preserved, but an additional force is added to the unwinding of the electric generator shaft due to an additional so-called weathervane (third in shape) operating on the oncoming branch of the flow and rotating towards Rotations of drums with those two blades (inner and outer). Promotion of the generator shaft by one and the other force in a single direction is provided by the reverse rotation transmission device.

The axis of the weathervane blade is carried out on the frame behind the end of the movable stepped blade, where it could freely scour like a weather vane, but due to the simplest stops and stops, it is forced to occupy the optimum position at the points of the circle. Let us consider its operation in Fig. 2. Assume that the flow approaches the point A ₁ , the vane of the vane is configured to perform the work, rotating clockwise, stepped with the wing vane. Define the acting forces, as determined by the moving step in the prototype.

Working site of the weather vane A ₁ , B ₁ , C ₁ . The greatest projection of the blade area (S _l ) at point B ₁ . In the area A ₁ , B ₁ , the projection of the blade area increases as much as it decreases in the section B ₁ , C _{1 in the other} . Therefore, its force, obtained as S _l from the resistance to the flow, is determined by the formula R _f.ph = C _x S _l V 2/2, where C _x is the dimensionless coefficient, - density of water, t / m ³ . Section C ₁ , D ₁ , A _{1 the} vane of the feathers passes in the vane position and its resistance to the flow is determined by the formula of frictional drag force R _m = C _mp 2S _l V 2/2 (2S _{l is} taken because friction occurs on both sides of the blade.We will take both sides with the same Ctr, since how much the concave side is more streamlined than the plates, so concave less). How many times the force of the weathervane blade in the working part of the flow is greater than the opposite force from its friction determined in the ratio _x / 2C _mp . Knowing that the plate C _x = 1.28 has the right to wait at the curved blade C _x , not less than 1.4, and if C _mp for "dyed steel" = 0.013-0.017, then we see that for any S _n and V _n Will be R _lf. More R _tr forty times. The drag force of the weathervane blade in the section C ₁ , D ₁ , A ₁ will be insignificant and it can be determined by the same formula, assuming the projection of the blade axis on the flow beyond S.

Four or six frames (depending on the size of the structure and V _n ), bearing vanes, cover the drums, prototype top and bottom, and are attached to the same shaft with them due to their bearings, the clips of which allow them to rotate in the other direction. But above, to the clutch of this bearing, the frame of the weathervane blade is connected through a gear impeller with an internal thread, which is part of the unit for converting the rotation in a single direction (Figure 5).

Estimated calculations show that the addition of a weathervane that takes the force from the oncoming branch of the flow to the design of the BVGES will yield the following positive results:

1. It does not allow freely dropping to the other side of the rotor, in the so-called counter branch more than 50% of the flow, in relation to the total area of ​​the structure. (There was no obstacle, therefore we consider more than 50% of the flow to the side).

2. Increase the total blade under load by 35-40%, hence so much efficiency.

3. Ensures uniform load on the BHGES stand and rotor.

4. It will allow to perform the rotor on one drum less at the expense of uniform rotation.

(Full-scale tests of the BVHPP consisting of three drums (Figure 6) on the "Water Test Site" of the outflow channel of the Iriklinskaya GRES at V _n = 1.2 m / s confirmed these calculations .The design showed an efficiency of 0.65).

The device, operation, confirmation of the possibility of carrying out the invention, called the "Inefficient All-Seasonal Hydroelectric Power Station" (BVHPP), consisting of two drums with internal flap blades and moving stepped running on one branch of the stream and vanes running on the other, is explained with the help of the following drawings, diagrams and photographs .

In Fig. 1, 2 the front and horizontal projection of BVHPP (respectively) is given. In Fig. 3 - BVHPP in the axonomatrix image. In Fig. 4 shows the interaction of the blades with the multiplier and the reverse rotation transmission device. In Fig. 5 shows a device for transferring reverse rotation in a section. In Fig. 6 is given a photo of the BVGES before descending into the "Catamaran" nest for full-scale tests in the stream.

The HPHP includes a stand 1 where a rotor 3 with a multiplier 4 and an electric generator 5 is fixed by means of the central shaft 2. The rotor 3 for operation on one side of the flow has a vane inner wing 6 and an outer rotary stepped blade 7 at the ends of the steps of which pockets 8 are made for more A rapid rise of their flow into the working state. The axes of the stepped rotary blades 7 form the core of the cylinder 9, which is especially visible if all the rotary steps are applied to the skeleton. The cylinder 9 is divided into drums 10, each of which can have four or six (depending on the size of the structure and V _n ) of the stepped outer blades 7 and the flap inner 6 (depending on the size of the structure). (Consider the construction with two drums and four blades along the circumference). Structurally, the drums 10 can be manufactured separately from each other and then secured to form a cylinder 9, and for a uniform rotation of the rotor 3, the axes of the blades in the drums are shifted by an angle equal to 360 ^° divided by the number of axes. The drums 10 can be formed by dividing the single core of the cylinder 10 by moving the axes of the blades on it to the calculated angle. In this case, the axes of the drums are through through the entire height of the cylinder 9, which gives it additional strength. (The variant will be determined by the dimensions of the BVGES and the strength calculations). The cylinder 9 is mounted on the central shaft 2 on the support bearings 11.

Above and under the cylinder 9, on the central shaft 2, the frame 13 is attached to the rolling bearings 12, at the ends of which there is a weather vane 14. The number of them (circumferentially) can be four or six, depending on the diameter of the rotor 3 and V _n . In some constructions, especially under plain rivers, the frame 13 with vane fans 14 can be performed under each drum 10, which will complicate the construction, but will give a more even rotation to the rotor 3, and by moving their axes. For strength, all frames 13 are tied at the top and bottom by a rigid screed.

The vane of the vane 14, due to the simplest devices (not shown in the diagrams) on the opposite branch of the flow for the external rotary step 7 and the inner wing 6, where they are forced to leave work, falls on the frame 13, taking the load from the flow (Figure 2, point B , The greatest projection of it on the flow), and on the working branch for those blades 6, 7, disconnected from work, taking a vane position (the smallest drag is at point D ₁ ). In order to avoid touching the blades 7 and 14 in the course of a counter rotation, the latter is 10% more than the distance from the core of the cylinder 10 to the axis of the weathervane blade 14. At the same time, it should be noted that some grazing can be tolerated, Since it will occur in the water in the form of slip, and not impact, at relatively low speeds, along the blades freely rotating on their axes, and this grazing will help each other to occupy an optimal position at a given moment of motion in a circle. Structurally, it is possible, by strengthening the points of contact of the blades, to increase the S of the weathervane 14.

To increase the coefficient C _{x, the} vane of the vane 14 is made, like the blades in the prototype, curved by the radius of the cylinder 10. In products where the frame 13 has increased the diameter of the rotor 3 so that the structure asks for reinforcement, the device is executed, as in the prototype: the rotor 3 is suspended from above And is supported at the bottom by rollers on a circular guide. (In the tested BOGHES (Figure 6), the frame 13 with the spaced axes of the weather vanes 14 at a distance of 3.4 m is suspended from the circular guide only by the top).

The rotation is reduced by the known multiplier 4 added by the reverse rotation transmission device, which consists of the outer race of the rolling bearing 12, which not only holds the frame 13 of the feathering blade 14 on the central shaft 2 at the bottom and at the top, but allows it to rotate in the opposite direction from rotation Shaft which is untwisted by the blades of the prototype 6, 7. At the top, the frame 13 is fixed to the race of the rolling bearing 12 through a gear impeller with an inverted cut 16 that transmits its rotation of the main gear 17. The same basic gear 17 is transmitted in the same direction and from the pinion Of the central shaft 18. On the axis of the main gear 17, an intermediate gear of the multiplier 19 is fixed, with which, through the pinion 20, the power generator shaft is unwound. The different rotation speed of the vane vanes 14 and stepped vanes 14 due to walking around circles with different diameters is taken into account when designing the multiplier, according to the known laws of mechanics, in favor of the smallest losses, while reducing.

Let us consider the interaction of parts and mechanisms of BVHPP. Flow, coming to the construction from the point A, is divided into two branches. On the right branch, the pocket 8 of the first stage of the blade 7, approaching the point A, raises it, allowing the inner leaflet 6 to take its working position. If it is stuck with the first stage, it will accept the flow along with it, and if it is freely suspended, it will take an optimal position at the point D when it is curled in the tubulent current. The second stage that has risen forms an inner common blade with an equal length of approximately two radii of the cylinder 9. Its largest The projection onto the stream will be at the point D. Further on the section DC its projection will decrease as much as the growth of the other in the section AD. The common blade rotates the central shaft 2 of the rotor 3 against the clockwise direction and through its gear 18 transfers the force to the main gear 17.

As disassembled above, the vane vanes 14 interact in a similar way with the flow. Its forces through the gear impeller with an inverted cut 16 will be applied to the rotation of the main gear 17 in a single direction, and it will come to the generator shaft through the other gears of the multiplier. Constructions with parts and mechanisms, such as round guides for rollers, a multiplier, an electric generator.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Plashev AV, Chekmarov VA Hydrography of the USSR. L., 1978.

2. Rivers and lakes of the Soviet Union (reference data). The State Hydrological Institute. L., 1971.

3. State Water Cadastre. Pools of the Ob. L., 1984.

4. Galakhov V.A. Calculation and analysis of the water-ice balance of the central Altai (on the example of the Katunsky ridge). Abstract. M., 1981.

5. Skotselyas II. Intra-annual distribution of the runoff of the Altai mountains. Abstract. L., 1975.

6. Gubin F.F. Hydroelectric stations. M., 1972.

7. Il'inikh I.I. Hydroelectric power stations. M., 1982.

8. Bershtein LB. Tidal power plants. L., 1961.

9. Technical and economic indicators of small hydropower plants with a direct-flow hydraulic unit. Trans. With the English. L., 1984.

10. Design and operation of hydroelectric power plants on the Rhone. Small hydrocentral reuse. Trans. With knapsack. L., 1985.

11. Hydraulic mini-power plants and prospects for their application. Trans. With the Spanish. L., 1985.

12. Author's certificates, patents of the Patent Library Fund (Berezhkovskaya Embankment, 24) for the ISC by availability for 1990.

13. The newspaper "Izvestia" for 30.04.1998.

CLAIM

1. A non-damn all-season hydroelectric power station containing a vertical hull divided into drums and mounted on a support with the possibility of rotation by means of the interaction of rollers with circular guides connected to the outer pivoting step-opening blades whose axes of rotation are displaced relative to each other by the same angle and having continuation inside the drum in The account of freely fixed flaps, the outer pivoting blades being installed with the overlapping of the inner blades on the oncoming branch of the flow and their earlier attraction under the load in the working branch of the flow, the main and standby power generators are fixed to the support and are connected to the casing and the gear by means of a mechanical transmission differing The fact that for the removal of energy from the oncoming branch of the flow on the rotor casing there are freely rotating blades operating on the principle of a weather vane which are fixed to the ends of the frames covering the rotor from above and from below, and their rotation in the circumference, in the opposite direction from the drums, is carried out on bearings Rolling of rotors mounted on the central shaft.

2. A hydroelectric power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the central shaft of the rotor is fixed by means of supporting bearings in the stand, which is the basis for fixing the entire structure with parts and mechanisms, such as round guides for rollers, a multiplier, an electric generator.

3. A hydroelectric power plant according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mechanical transmission by which the generator shaft is untwisted is provided with a reverse-direction transferring device which includes rolling bearings with a clutch on the central rotor shaft, a gear impeller rigidly fixed to the frames of the weathervane blades , From which the direction of rotation in a single direction with the gear of the central shaft is transmitted by means of the main gear.

print version
Date of publication 11.01.2007gg

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